B8408 - Imaging and Basic Principles of Semiology of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems

Conoscenze e abilità da conseguire

By the end of the course, the student gains the knowledge, skills, and competencies needed to understand the diagnostic imaging features of normal cardiovascular, respiratory and excretory anatomical structures. In particular, the student: knows the normal aspects of clinical relevance relating to the cardiovascular, respiratory and excretory systems; knows the topographical and imaging representation of the anatomical structures of the organs of the cardiovascular, respiratory and excretory systems; is able to recognise normal aspects of clinical relevance relating to the cardiovascular, respiratory and excretory systems; is able to recognise the thoracic organs in the imaging of a normal subject; is able to recognise normal aspects of clinical relevance relating to the cardiovascular, respiratory, and excretory systems, including respiration, pulse, mucous membranes; is able to recognise normal patterns in the electrocardiographic tracing.

Contenuti

This Course is part of the Integrated Course "Blood, Circulation, Respiration, and Excretion".

The Integrated Course aims to provide the student with adequate knowledge of the anatomical organization and function of the cardiovascular, respiratory, excretory, and lymphopoietic systems, essential for recognizing normal clinical aspects in veterinary species. Additionally, the student gains expertise in topographic anatomy and imaging techniques applicable to these systems, as well as haematological analytical techniques.

The Integrated Course "Blood, Circulation, Respiration, and Excretion" contributes to the achievement of the following ESEVT Day One Competences: 1.1, 1.5, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.17, 1.21, 1.22, 1.24.

Specific Course contents:

Prerequisites: the student should have knowledge of normal cardiovascular, respiratory and excretory systems anatomy.

The content of the course includes:

Physical findings from the cardiovascular and respiratory systems evaluation: cardiac auscultation, assessment of venous (e.g., jugular) and arterial (e.g., femoral artery) circulation; respiration patterns, lung auscultation

Radiographic anatomy of the cardiovascular, respiratory and excretory system

Echocardiographic anatomy of the cardiovascular system: cardiac chambers, cardiac valves, main arteries, veins.

Key principles of semiology applied to the cardiovascular, respiratory, and excretory system

Testi/Bibliografia

The teaching materials include the recommended textbooks (see below), along with lecture notes and PowerPoint presentations available on the course website.

· D. Thrall, I. Robertson. Atlas of Normal Radiographic Anatomy and Anatomic Variants in the Dog and Cat, 3rd Edition, Elsevier, 2023.

· J.A. Boon. Veterinary echocardiography, 2nd Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

· V. Chetboul, C. Bussadori, E. de Madron. Clinical echocardiography of the dog and cat. 1st Edition, Elsevier, 2015.

· Lecture notes and PowerPoint presentations.

The course has a clinical practical orientation. For this reason, much information can be obtained by the slides, the video and photographic material available on the "Portale Didattico Veterinario" of Bologna University.

Metodi didattici

The course combines frontal lectures (face-to-face) and practical, hands-on sessions in small groups.

Frontal lectures focus on

- the clinical significance of normal physical findings, such as heart and lung sounds, jugular and femoral pulse assessment, respiratory patterns, and mucous membrane appearance;

- the interpretation and explanation of radiographic and echocardiographic images;

- the identification of key features of normal ECG tracings.

The practical lectures are held after the students are divided in small groups. Each group has access to a PC workstation where they can analyze radiographic and echocardiographic images of different structure of the cardiovascular systems.

Aim of this part of the course is to reinforce the ability in the interpretation of the radiographic and echocardiographic images of the normal cardiovascular system.

 

Modalità di verifica e valutazione dell'apprendimento

The final exam of the Integrated Course "Blood, Circulation, Respiration, and Excretion" consists of two parts.

· The first part is a written test comprising 60 multiple choice questions, covering topics from all components of the Integrated Course, and is designed to assess the student's comprehensive knowledge of the subject matter.

Each correct question will earn 0.5 points; no points will be subtracted in case of wrong answer or unanswered question. The use of supporting material or devices such as calculators, books, notebooks, class notes, etc. is not authorized during the test. If needed, a follow-up discussion will allow the Candidate to comment on the wrong answers.

The test assignment will last 1.5h and will be considered as successful with a minimum grade of 18/30.

· The second part is a practical examination held in the Clinical Skills Lab or at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, including the execution of manual procedures of the physical examination and the description and interpretation of images or videos related to the different imaging techniques, allowing the evaluation of the acquisition of practical and verbal competences. To pass the practical examination, the student must demonstrate sufficient competences, obtaining a minimum grade of 18/30.

The final grade for the Integrated Course is calculated as the weighted average of the written test (60%) and the practical assessment (40%). Students can register for the exam through the online AlmaEsami platform (http://almaesami.unibo.it/). In case of failure, the exam may be retaken after a minimum of three weeks. In accordance with Unibo teaching regulations, Article 16, Paragraph 5, students are entitled to refuse a passing grade on one occasion.

In compliance with Law 104/1992 and Law 170/2010, and in alignment with institutional inclusion policies, students with certified disabilities or specific learning disorders—as well as those with recognized special educational needs—will receive appropriate accommodations during assessments. Such students should promptly contact the course instructor and inform the University’s Disability and SLD Support Service. A faculty member is appointed to oversee this service within the Department.

Strumenti a supporto della didattica

The Course utilizes high-resolution images and video tutorials of physical examination procedures and diagnostic imaging findings of cardiovascular, respiratory and excretory systems. Academic lessons use Powerpoint presentations. The material, showed during the academic lessons, is available on Portale Didattico Veterinario (http://www.portaledidatticovet.org/metodologia-clinica.html) and on the Virtuale platform (reached through the link on the teacher webpage). To further support anatomical recognition and imaging interpretation, students are encouraged to consult IMAIOS Vet-Anatomy online platform, an interactive anatomical atlas that supports the identification of cross-sectional and radiographic anatomy in veterinary species (https://www.imaios.com/en/vet-anatomy).

Orario di ricevimento

Consulta il sito web di Giovanni Romito