- Docente: Andrea De Pascale
- Credits: 6
- SSD: ING-IND/08
- Language: Italian
- Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures
- Campus: Bologna
-
Corso:
Second cycle degree programme (LM) in
Mechanical Engineering (cod. 0938)
Also valid for Second cycle degree programme (LM) in Energy Engineering (cod. 0935)
Learning outcomes
The aim of the course is to learn the main environmental impact sources from stationary energy systems ant the available technologies to control pollutants generated by such energy systems.
Course contents
Requirements/Prior knowledge
A basic course on Energy Systems is a strongly suggested requirement.
Fluent spoken and written Italian is a necessary pre-requisite: all lectures and tutorials, and all study material will be in Italian.
COURSE CONTENTS
Introduction.
Environmental impact of power station cooling systems. Water/air Condensing systems. Cooling tower. The plume. Water consumption. Concentration cycles. PM emitted by cooling towers, Drift Rate. EPA and Reisman & Frisbie PM emission models.
Pollutants formation mechanisms. (NOx, SOx, PM, CO and HC) influence of operative parameters (fuel/air ratio, temperature, etc.). Effects of CO, HC, NOx, SOx, O3, PM in the atmosphere.
Environmental impact of fluids for refrigeration plants. CFC, HCFC, HFC: ODP.
Environmental impact of CO2. Greenhouse effect (GWP and TEWI of refrigerant plants).
Combustion.
Definitions, ignition, flammability limits, rich and lean mixtures. Flame temperature.
Classification of combustion process: definition of premixed and non-premixed combustion, flame speed.
Gas turbine combustors.
Combustor pressure drop. Combustor architectures.
Methods for emission reduction in gas turbine combustors. NOx reduction with water/steam injection.
Design of low emission combustors: rich-lean and lean-lean combustors, Dry Low NOx combustors.
Post-combustion emission reduction techniques: SCR and SCONOX systems.
Steam power plants.
USC and conventional plants.
Coal fired power plants. Pulverized coal burners and emissions: air staging (OFA and BOOS), fuel staging, Flue Gas Recirculation, water/steam injection.
Flue gas abatement systems: Wet Scrubber (layout and working principle), Dry Scrubber (layout and working principle), electrostatic precipitator (layout and working principle), fabric filters (layout and working principle), cyclone, SNCR. Disposition of abatement systems in the flue gas line.
Pulverized coal power plants. Plant layout. fuel preparation, pulverized coal combustors.
Fluidized bed combustors. Pollutant emissions of FBC. Limestone injection for abatement of SOx.
Coal gasification. IGCC systems.
Clean Coal Technologies. Plant layouts.
CHP environmental impact.
Methods to estimate benefit of CHP systems.
Renewable energy systems.
Geothermal energy. Steam and dominant water wells. Thermodynamic diagram of a geothermal power plant with double flash stage.
Wind energy. Betz limit. Aerodynamic efficiency of the blade. Weibull distribution.
Readings/Bibliography
Sistemi Energetici - Impatto ambientale, Vol. 3, Pitagora (in Italian),
Foreign students can ask the teacher for English readings, corresponding to the topics in this text.
Teaching methods
Class Lectures on all the Course Contents.
Visit to specific plants related with the lecture topics.
Assessment methods
Oral exam, on the topics of the carried out lectures.
The questions are aimed at the following main learning outcomes:
- knowledge of the main pollutants formation from energy systems;
- knowledge of the technologies to control pollutants formation from energy systems, mainly gas turbines, combined cycles, boilers of steam power plants and renewable energy systems.
Higher grades will be awarded to students who demonstrate an organic understanding of the subject, a high ability for critical application, and a clear and concise presentation of the contents.
To obtain a passing grade, students are required to at least demonstrate a knowledge of the key concepts of the subject, some ability for critical application, and a comprehensible use of technical language.
A failing grade will be awarded if the student shows knowledge gaps in key-concepts of the subject, inappropriate use of language, and/or logic failures in the analysis of the subject.
Teaching tools
The use of overhead projector and pc is considered in order to show the case of complex layouts of the plants and energy systems related with the course contents.
Office hours
See the website of Andrea De Pascale