- Docente: Paolo Fusaroli
- Credits: 3
- SSD: MED/42
- Language: Italian
- Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures
- Campus: Ravenna
- Corso: First cycle degree programme (L) in Nursing (cod. 8474)
Learning outcomes
At the end of the course the student:
- Will know
the mode of action of prevention 1st, 2nd, 3rd
- Know the
main characteristics of air, water and soil, and the effects that
changes in some parameters of them, cause on the environment and on
human health
- Knows the
systems adopted for the proper disposal of solid and liquid waste
in the health structure and environment of life, aimed at
preventing the spread of infectious diseases and environmental
damage.
- Understand
the methodologies used to ensure the suitability of confined
environments aimed at the welfare and prevention of infections in
health care and in the living
- Knows the
mode of appearance of the infectious diseases in the population and
is able to describe the trend
- Knows the
measures and procedures to be implemented for the prevention of
spread of infectious diseases: the notification, isolation and
methods of disinfection and disinfestation, vaccination mandatory
and voluntary.
- Understand
the epidemiology, prevention of major infections: airborne
trasmission to oral-fecal transmission, sexually or transcutaneous
transmitted, transmission through vectors and zoonoses involving
humans.
- Know and be
able to handle cases of infestation that may occur in the
healthcare environment and not.
Course contents
"The concept of prevention"
Definition and hygiene purposes, the concept of health. Scope of
hygiene: prevention 1st, 2nd, 3rd, health education. The
effectiveness of care, screening tests and evaluation of tests.
Historical evolution of the health care system.
HEALTH PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
Introduction "Gaia and the conditions for life"
AIR
Atmosphere Chemical composition, cycle of carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
oxygen, water, ozone, ozone effects Physical: temperature,
humidity, wind speed, pressure, electricity, solar radiation and
their effects on ' human organism. Air Pollution: gas and particles
(dust) and not inhalable and effects on the organism, the
greenhouse effect, smog, acid rain. Legislation. The confined
spaces and microclimate. Impurities in confined spaces, the cube of
air and the number of spare times, ventilation systems. The heat
dissipation, thermal comfort and the effective temperature.
Measuring instruments. Light: Natural and artificial lighting,
quantity and quality of light, measuring light. Noise and sound,
effects and measurement systems
WATER
Chemical properties of water. Water requirements and sources of
supply, rainwater, telluric, surface, marine. Quality criteria for
the assessment of drinking water: hydrogeological, organoleptic,
physical, chemical, microbiological (water as a vehicle for the
spread of infectious diseases). Water purification: Correction of
the physical, organoleptic, chemical, biological (physical and
chemical means) Sources of water pollution, the BOD5 COD. Removal
of liquid waste: sewage static and dynamic. Final disposal of
sewage sludge: natural and artificial wastewater treatment plants.
Treatment of industrial sewage.
SOIL
Constitution of the soil and solid waste disposal, collection,
removal, disposal, legislation. The medical waste
GENERAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Microbial ecology, pathogenicity. Host-parasite relationships.
Sources and reservoirs of infection. Transmission of infectious
diseases mode of occurrence of infectious diseases in the
population. Descriptive, analytical, experimental epidemiology. The
population health: the state and movement (births, deaths, disease)
of the population. Introduction to statistics applied to
epidemiology: setting the research, survey and data collection
(mean, mode, median). The measures of dispersion (the scraps, the
variance, the standard deviation)
GENERAL Prophylaxis
Actions for the prevention of infectious diseases:
notification, detection laboratory, epidemiological investigation,
isolation and contumacy, disinfection and disinfestation. Active
immune prophylaxis, constitution of vaccines, vaccination schedule.
The passive immune prophylaxis. The prophylaxis and prevention of
exotic diseases. Disinfection: definitions, natural agents,
artificial, physical. The disinfectants inorganic and organic,
liquid and gaseous. The disinfection: chlorine derivatives,
phosphorus derivative, arsenic compounds, pyrethrins. The integral
sanitation. The rodent control. The sterilization.
AIRBORN INFECTIONS
Influenza, measles, rubella, mumps virus, respiratory syncytial
virus, rhinovirus, streptococcie (scarlet fever, rheumatic
disease), diphtheria, pertussis, meningitis, pneumonia,
tuberculosis, leprosy
fecal-oral INFECTIONS
Cholera, typhoid, poliomilite, epatie A or infectious
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS OR TRANSCUTANEOUS
Hepatitis B or serum hepatitis D, hepatitis C, AIDS
ZOONOSES
Brucellosis, Rabies, tetanus, toxoplasmosis
Vector-borne diseases and infestations
Malaria, lice, ticks, scabies
Readings/Bibliography
Comes
educational material enough to take the exam
(Lecture and /
or lecture slides) available for students
enrolled in the course in AMS Campus - AlmaDL - University of
Bologna.
Reference texts, but whose purchase is not
necessary to:
N. Comodo G. Maciocco.
Igiene e sanità pubblica. Manuale per le professioni sanitarie.
Carocci 2011
S.Barbuti, G.M.Fara, G.Giammanco. Igiene e medicina preventiva
(vol.2). Monduzzi editore 2008
C.Signorelli. Igiene epidemiologia e sanità pubblica. Soc. Ed.
Universo 2011
Teaching methods
The course includes 3 credits corresponding to 36 hours of lectures that are held within three months, in the second semester of the second year. Lessons include the projection of slides and short films.
Assessment methods
The examination at the end of the course aims to assess the degree
of achievement of the knowledge and skills obtained and whether it
was done just prior reasoning intended to cater to situations of
risk hygienic.
The examination consists of the administration of a written
questionnaire that has only one correct answer among those
offered.
Teaching tools
Video, PC, microphone
Office hours
See the website of Paolo Fusaroli