37215 - Laboratory of Anatomy (Part 2) (C2)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the anatomy course, students must demonstrate that they acquired a solid knowledge concerning the organization of the human body and namely of all organs, that is essential to address firstly physiology and then the clinical and surgical disciplines. Starting from a systematic basis of gross anatomy, then students will be addressed to the microscopic examination of the different structures.

The systematic approach is essential for the subsequent assessment of topographic anatomy, geared towards students' initial contact with the planes of section used in modern methods of diagnostic imaging (CT, MRI, PET).

Course contents

DIGESTIVE APPARATUS

Oral cavity and correaltaed formations . Topography, systematic anatomy, blood supply, innervation of the different sections of the digestive tract. Behavior of the peritoneum in relation to the development of organs.

URINARY SYSTEM

Kidney: Renal loggia, internal and external configuration, vascularization, innervation, functional anatomy of the nephron. Course, vessels and nerves of the urinary tract. Organogenesis of the urinary tract.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Male gonads. Course of the spermatic tract and glands. External genital organs. Organogenesis the male genital system.

FEMALE GENITAL
Female gonads. Genital tract: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina. External genital organs. Mammary gland. Organogenesis the female genital system.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Topography, macroscopic anatomy, microscopic and functional thyroid gland, parathyroid, adrenal, endocrine pancreas.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Organization and development of the central nervous system.

Spinal cord: external and internal configuration. Spinal nerve roots. Organization of the gray substance and of the white substance.
Brain Stem: bulb, pons, midbrain. External configuration and reports. Fourth ventricle, brainstem, quadrigeminal plate, mesencephalic aqueduct.
Cerebellum: external and internal configuration, structure and architecture cerebellar cortex.
Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus. III ventricle.
Telencephalon: general conformation. Fissures, lobes, gyri, cortex, brain areas. Lateral ventricles. Subcortical nuclei and organization of the white substance. Main commissural systems of the telencephalon. Limbic system.
Encephalic and spinal meninges: dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater, canvas and choroid plexus, the cerebrospinal fluid.
Vascularization of the neuraxis: vascularization of the spinal cord and brain. Internal carotid artery. Vertebrobasilar system. Circle of Willis. Cerebral arteries. Venous sinuses of dura mater. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic nervous system and related complexes. Brainstem and sacral parasympathetic system.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Spinal nerves, cranial nerves and autonomous nervous system.

Readings/Bibliography

Netter F., Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Edra

Netter F. Atlante interattivo di Anatomia Umana, dra
Rohen-Yokochi, Atlante fotografico di Anatomia descrittiva e topografica, Piccin

Atlante di Anatomia, Prometheus, EdiSes

Teaching methods

Macroscopic Anatomy. The teachers will be always present during laboratories, guiding students in learning anatomy, helping them using proper instruments and anatomical models.

In Dissecting Room the students will examine anatomical preparations on cadavers, under the guide of teachers and tutors.

Microscopic Anatomy. The teacher, after the explanation of the microscopic characteristics of organs, will guide the students in the observation at the microscope

Assessment methods

Macroscopic Anatomy. The teachers will be always present during laboratories, guiding students in learning anatomy, helping them using proper instruments and anatomical models.

In Dissecting Room the students will examine anatomical preparations on cadavers, under the guide of teachers and tutors.

Microscopic Anatomy. The teacher, after the explanation of the microscopic characteristics of organs, will guide the students in the observation at the microscope

Teaching tools

Macroscopic Anatomy. The students will be able to study on human bones, plastic models of articulations and limbs. The students will also dissect animal organs, under the guide of the teachers

Office hours

See the website of Mirella Falconi