99794 - Applied Anatomy of Motor Activity

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course the student must demonstrate a proper knowledge of human anatomy related to locomotor apparatus and movement, with particular attention to sport activity.

Course contents

Functional Anatomy of the Locomotor Apparatus

 

General Considerations

Anatomy, the science describing the shape of body and organs.

Anatomy and motion, the spatial planes, and relation with gravity.

Single and combined movements.

Structure and ultrastructure of connective tissues

- Connective tissues: embriology,structural and ultrastructural array, specific properties and functions realated to daily life and environment.

- Extracellular matrix components in connective tissues: adaptation and functions related to body movement.

-Structure, ultrastructure and functions of connective tissue proper, with regular and irregular fiber array. Structure, ultrastructure and functons of tendons and ligaments. Tendon crimps and their role in movement. Structure, ultrastructure and functions of cartilage (hyaline, fibrous and elastic) and bone. Role of bone cells in skeletal growth, movement and gravity. Structure, ultrastructure and functions of skeletal muscle tissue and contraction.

Anatomy

-General knowledge of skeleton and bone classification.

-General knowledge and anatomical classification of skeletal joints.

-General knowledge of skeletal muscles. Low and fast skeletal muscle fibers. Functional classification of skeletal muscles: postural tendons and muscles, energy storing tendons and muscles. Agonist and antagonist muscles and group action.

-Morphological and functional classification of tendons. Muscle-tendon unit, tendon-muscle junction and tendon insertion into bone.

-Superficial and deep fasciae. Muscle lodges. Muscle sheaths and movement. Synovial sheaths and bursae.

-Arm and forearm function in movement and walk. Bone of shoulder gilder (scapula-clavicle) and related joint. Humerus. Shoulder joint (glenohumeral). Sternoclavicular joint. Muscles of shoulder region. Scapula movements and extrinsic muscles of chest (position, insertion, force direction and movement).

-Forearm bones (Radio and ulna). Elbow joints (radial humeral, ulnar humerus, proximal radioulnar). Anterior and posterior arm muscles (position, insertion, force direction and movement).

-Hand functions as specific unique functions of human species. Wrist and hand bones. Wrist joints (radio carpal and distal radio ulnar), hand joints. Anterior, posterior and lateral forearm muscles (position, insertion, force direction and movement). Hand muscles  (position and movement).

-Spine: cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Sacrum and coccige. Spine joints and movements. Physiological and pathological column curvatures. Structure, ultrastructure and function of the intervertebral disc. Short and long spine ligaments.

-Chest bones. Chest intrinsic muscles and diaphragm (position, insertion, force direction and movement). Bone and joint mechanics in chest and diaphragmatic breathing. Abdomen muscles (position, insertion, force direction and movement). Anterior and posterior spine muscles (position and movement).

-Pelvis: general considerations. Hip bone. Femur. Coxo-femoral joint. Sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis. Pelvis and sacroiliac joint movement during walk. Hip region muscles (position, insertion, force direction and movement).

-Tibia and fibula. Knee joints (patellofemoral, tibiofemoral).  Antero-lateral and postero-medial muscles of the thigh (position, insertion, force direction and movement). 

-Foot functions as specific unique functions of human species. foot bones. Ankle and foot joints. Anterior, lateral and posterior muscles of the leg (position, insertion, force direction and movement). Foot muscles (position and movement).

-Cerebral skull and splanchnocranium bones: generalities. Temporomandibular joint. Dental occlusion and posture. Malocclusion, physiological and para-physiological mandibular movements, posture changes. Chewing muscles (position, insertion, force direction and movement) and neck muscles (position and movement).

-Perineum muscles (position and movement).

-The walk. Development of primary and secondary physiological curvatures of the spine. General considerations about human evolution and bipedalism.

-Movimenti del piede. Analisi del passo (movimenti delle articolazioni del piede coinvolte). Foot movement and footstep analysis with foot joints involved.

Notes

-Bone characteristics are fundamental to describe and understand function and movement of joints, as well as to remember origin and insertion of tendons and ligaments. About each skeletal muscle the student must remember the anatomical position, main origin and insertion, as well as direction of the force vector.

-This Course is the first part of an Integrated Exam (Human Anatomy). The student has to have passed this exam before to show up for the exam of the second part (Anatomy of Organs and Nervous System).

Readings/Bibliography

Every anatomical text (academic level) may be acceptable. Please contact the Professor at the first lesson.

Recommended BOOKS:

 

ANATOMIA UMANA FUNZIONALE

Vercelli A. et al.

Ed. Minerva Medica

 

ANATOMIA DEL MOVIMENTO UMANO. Struttura e funzioni.

Palastanga N. et al.

Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

 

Recommended ATLAS:

 

Netter. Atlante anatomia umana. Scienze motorie e fisioterapia.

FrankH H. Netter

Atlante di Anatomia Umana

M. Battistelli ,G. Carpino, R. Sferra, A. Vetuschi

Ed.ERMES

 

Anatomia e meccanica dell'apparato motorio e neuro-muscolare per la preparazione atletica.

A.Fucci S., M. Benigni, V. Fornasari.

Ed. EMSI Quarta Edizione

 

Atlante di Anatomia Umana

Viguè-Martin

Ed. Piccin-Nuova Libreria

 

Atlante di Anatomia Umana.

H. Frank Netter

Ed.Edra

 

Atlante di Anatomia Umana

Uno Studio Fotografico del Corpo Umano

Rohen-Yokochi - Drecoll

Ed. Piccin

Teaching methods

Frontal lessons with different anatomical images.

Practise.

Lessons using videos about anatomical dissection.

Assessment methods

The oral exame includes two or more questions about general subjects. (Example: a skeletal joint with the corresponding bones, ligaments, different intrinsic structures and related movements; a skeletal muscle group with single origins and insertions in relation to the generated movements).

Exam commission is composed by the tenured teacher and Dr. Giuseppe Ciavola.

Teaching tools

Audiovisual materials.

Natural bones. Anatomical plastic models. Wax anatomical models.

Video about human anatomy dissections.

Office hours

See the website of Marco Franchi