02359 - General Pathology and Physiopathology

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, the student: has clear the concepts of disease etiology and pathogenesis; knows the etiology of disease processes and the pathogenic mechanism of their development. Knows the primary defense mechanisms involved in response to pathogens; the morphological alterations that they cause in cells and tissues and their systemic and functional consequences for the organism. Can connect molecular, morphological, microbiological, immunological, and physiological knowledge, with the etiopathogenesis of disease processes. Can use the knowledge of pathology and physiopathology for the critical interpretation of experimental and clinical data. The student can understand the reasons for the signs and symptoms of disease and possesses the basis for evidence-based clinical practice.

Course contents

Integrated content of Module 1 and Module 2

1. Environmental pathology: excitatory and ionizing radiation, high and low temperature damage, pneumoconiosis, smoking and ethanol damage, pathogenesis of infectious diseases, endotoxins, diphtheria, choleric, tetanus, botulinum exotoxins

2. Cellular and extracellular pathology: cellular adaptations, reversible cellular damage, vacuolar degeneration and steatosis, necrosis, apoptosis, pathological calcifications, amyloidosis.

3. Phlogistic and reparative response: etiology and classification of acute inflammation, chemical mediators, vascular phenomena and exudate formation, cellular phenomena and phagocytosis, chronic and granulomatous inflammation, pathogenesis of tuberculosis, tissue repair and wound healing, sclerosis, cirrhosis.

4. General pathophysiology: hemostasis and hemorrhagic diseases, thrombosis and embolism, pathogenesis of shock and hypertension, risk factors of atherosclerosis, atheromasic plaque formation and its consequences, pathogenesis of infarction, hypoxia and cyanosis, etiopathogenesis of fever, edema and diabetes mellitus.

Readings/Bibliography

V. Kumar, A.K. Abbas, J.C. Aster. “Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease”, 10^th edition, Elsevier.

F.Mainero, R. Misasi, M.Storace. “Pontieri - Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia Generale", VI Edizione, 2019, Piccin Editore

Selected scientific papers.

Teaching methods

The course consists of 64 hours of lectures on environmental, cellular, and extracellular pathology, inflammatory and reparative response, and general pathophysiology.

Assessment methods

Verification of learning is through a single examination for the entire Integrated Course in General Pathology and Pathophysiology.

The level of learning will be tested at the end of the course. The exam includes three oral questions designed to ascertain the student's knowledge of the topics in the syllabus and his or her ability to discuss disease etiopathogenesis and general pathophysiology. One of the questions includes the observation and oral description of a microscopic preparation up to the recognition of the specific histopathological picture to test the student's learning of the General Pathology Laboratory. The coherence of the conceptual succession and the appropriateness of the scientific language are further elements of evaluation.

Registration must be compulsorily done through AlmaEsami

Grading of final grade

18-20: knowledge of basic concepts without serious gaps, acceptable exposition and language.

21-25: knowledge of basic concepts without gaps, partial autonomy in the ability to analyze and connect, fair exposition and language.

26-29: good, very good or excellent level of preparation but with errors and inaccuracies, good autonomy in the ability to analyze and link, good or very good exposition and language.

30-30L: very good preparation with no inaccuracies, competent autonomy in the ability to analyze and connect, very good level of exposition and full command of the specific language.

The final grade is derived from the collegial evaluation carried out by the teachers who examined the student and is calculated as a weighted average between theory and laboratory.

Teaching tools

Slides containing diagrams and figures will be projected during the lectures. Lecture materials presented in class will be made available at https://virtuale.unibo.it/ in electronic format.

Office hours

See the website of Giorgia Gri

See the website of Maurizio Brigotti