05105 - Kinesiology (IM)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the module the student has the knowledge and the ability to understand the principles of kinesiology in relation to the basic gestures of human movement, the extent and quality of excursion of joint fulcrums, strength and muscle length.

Course contents

Kinesiology, definition Planes and axes of movement, reminder of the functional anatomy of bones, joints and muscles. Joint classification. Types of muscle activation.

THE SPINE

Generalities and anatomical-functional premises. The spine as a whole, the structure.The vertebra type, differences and characteristics of the constituent segments of the spine. Functional unit, structure and articulations related to it. Elements of intervertebral connection. Physiology of flexion-extension, lateral inclination and rotation movements of the spine.

The pelvic girdle

Anatomo-functional premises. The joints and the ligamentous system. Possible movements in relation to the joints. The relationship of the pelvis with the spine and lower limbs. The muscles involved.

The lumbar spine

The lumbar spine as a whole. The vertebrae type and characteristics of the lumbar spine. The ligamentous system at the level of the lumbar spine. Kinesiology of flexion-extension, lateral inclination and rotation movements of the lumbar spine and their relative amplitudes. Lumbo-sacral zipper. The muscles involved in the movements.

The dorsal spine, thorax, diaphragm and respiration

The dorsal spine and the thorax as a whole. The dorsal vertebrae type. The sternum and ribs. The costo-vertebral and sterno-costal joints. The ligamentous system of the dorsal tract. The flexion-extension, lateral inclination and axial rotation movements of the dorsal spine and related deformations of the rib cage and the movements of the costo-vertebral joints. The muscles involved in the movements. Breathing and the muscles of breathing. Relationship between the diaphragm and the abdominal muscles. The muscles involved in the movements.

The cervical spine

The cervical spine as a whole. The upper and lower cervical spine. The atlas, the axis and the cervical vertebra. The joints and the ligamentous system of the cervical tract. The flexion-extension, lateral inclination and rotation movements of the upper cervical spine. The flexion-extension, lateral inclination and rotation movements of the lower cervical spine. The muscles involved in the movements.

The head and the temporomandibular joints: the skull. The temporomandibular joints, anatomo-functional premise. The possible movements and the muscles involved.

THE UPPER LIMB

Shoulder

Anatomo-functional premises. The joint complex of the shoulder. Movement plans. The joints that make up this functional system and the capsule-ligament system related to them. Flexion-extension movements, abduction-adduction, internal rotation of the upper limb. Movements of the shoulder girdle. Main muscles and accessories involved to perform movements in the different joints.

The elbow

Anatomo-functional premises. The joints and ligaments of the elbow. Flexion-extension and prono-supination movements. Muscles involved in making the movements. coactation factors and movement limiting factors.

The wrist and the hand

Anatomo-functional premises. The articular complex of the wrist. The joints and the ligamentous system. Possible movements and muscles involved in these movements.

Anatomo-functional premises of the hand. The joints of the hand and its ligaments. Hand movements and muscles involved. The thumb, the functionality linked to it. The joint and ligaments, thumb movements, opposition. Musculature involved in the various movements of the hand and thumb. pulleys, tendon sheaths and aponeurosis



THE LOWER LIMB

The coxo-femoral joint

Anatomo-functional premises. Movement plans. Relationships between joint surfaces. the joint capsule, the ligaments and the role of the ligament system in movements. Forcing factors. Stability factors. The transverse balance of the pelvis. Flexion-extension movements, abduction-adduction, internal and external rotation and muscles involved during the execution of the movements.

The knee

Anatomo-functional premises. Axes of movement. The joint complex of the knee, the joints that make it up. Knee movements. Joint capsule. The menisci. The collateral ligaments. Anteroposterior and transverse stability. The cruciate ligaments and their mechanical role. Rotating knee stability. The movements of the patella on the femur and in relation to the tibia. The muscles that perform the extension, flexion and rotation of the knee.

The tibio-tarsal joint and the foot

Anatomo-functional premises. Flexion-extension movements. The capsule and ligaments of the tibio-tarsal. Anterior-posterior and transverse stability and movement-limiting factors. Physiology of proximal and distal tibio-fibular joints. Muscles involved in movements.

Anatomo-functional premises. Adduction-abduction, prono-supination and combined movements. The joints of the foot, the ligament system. The muscles involved in the combined movements, the prone-supinator muscles, the abductor and adductor muscles. Sheaths and aponeurosis. The plantar vault and the three arches.

Readings/Bibliography

Reference text:

I. A. Kapandji- Functional anatomy - Vol. 1, 2 and 3 - Monduzzi Editore

Donald A. Neumann- Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system- Ed.Piccin

W. Platzer-Human Anatomy-Locomotor System 1, House of Ambrosiana



Reference texts:

Blandine Calais-Germain-Anatomy of Movement- vol.1 The Archer

Frank H. Netter, M.D.-Atlas of Human Anatomy-Novartis Edizioni

Jutta Hochschild- Locomotor System. Anatomy and functions, practical aspects for manual therapy, Edi-Ermes

Vincenzo Pirola-Kinesiology, The Human Movement applied to re-education and sports activities, Edi-ermes

Teaching methods

Frontal lessons and short classroom exercises

Lessons on the Teams platform

Assessment methods

Written test lasting 30 minutes

10 short open-ended questions

10 multiple choice questions

Score for each short open question = 0-2

Score for each closed question = 0-1

Teaching tools

PC and projector

Microsoft Teams platform

Anatomical models

Office hours

See the website of Milena Arniani