39473 - Bioengeneering and Development of Artificial Organs and Prosthesis

Learning outcomes

 

At the end of the module the student possesses the skills and knowledge for the construction and management of limb prostheses.

 

 

 

 

Course contents

1) general • The INAIL Prosthesis Center • Bioengineering, applied physics, bionics, anthropometry • Medical device classification according to ISO • Nomenclatore Tariffario e Regolamento Protesico INAIL

2) Lower limb prostheses • Levels of mobility • Construction types: traditional (exoskeletal) and modular (endoskeletal) • Lower limb prostheses for different levels of amputation • Functional and cosmetic prostheses • Bath prostheses • Geriatric and developmental prostheses • Gyroplasty • Post-operative, temporary and definitive prostheses

3) Upper limb prostheses • Passive prostheses: working and aesthetic • Active prostheses: with body, extra body and mixed energy • The myoelectric prosthesis: operating principles, components and applications • The new frontier of upper limb prostheses: polyarticulated hands • INAIL components (elbow, shoulder, wrist rotator ..) • the TMR (Targeted Muscle Reinnervation) technique • the IMESs technique (Implantable Myoelectric Sensors) • future hypotheses: prosthesis control directly from the CNS and PNS

4) Lower limb prosthesis components • Hip joint • Feet (SACH, dynamic, articulated, energy restitution, for sports activities) • Bath / swim ankle • Rotators, torsional and axial dampers • Cosmetic covers in foam and plastic materials

5) The prosthetic knee • Functional and anatomical comparison with the physiological knee • Gin. monocentric and polycentric • Control systems (geometric, hydraulic, pneumatic) • The electronic knee: operating principles • The magnetorheological knee • Study of walking with polycentric knee

6) Bionics applied to prosthetics • Prostheses, orthoses and aids with high technological content • Bionic theory in the prosthetic field • The bionic prostheses already available • Future scenarios for limb prostheses • Applied research in the prosthetic field

7) Sockets and prosthesis suspension systems • Sockets for transfemoral, transtibial and upper limb prostheses • Hypobaric suspension systems, under passive and active vacuum • Mechanical suspension systems • The stump guards • Biomechanics of transfemoral sockets • Digital osseointegration and for lower limb prostheses

8) Innovative techniques in the production of prostheses • CAD CAM techniques for transtibial, transfemoral, partial foot prostheses, upper limb, custom-made footwear, orthoses, silicone cosmetics etc.) • Copying of sockets • 3D scans of anatomical parts • Motion analysis • Principles of stereophotogrammetry • Stages of the human journey

9) Theoretical and applied research, prostheses for sports and special applications • The concept of three-dimensional digitization of surfaces • Digitization • Rapid prototyping and reverse engineering (RP and RE) • The scanning • Rapid prototyping: operating principles and various application techniques • Sintering of different materials • RP and RE for upper limb silicone cosmetic prostheses • Research at the INAIL Prosthesis Center • Disabled sport: prostheses for Paralympic athletes or for free time

Readings/Bibliography

The slides ppt or in pdf of the lessons

Teaching methods

frontal lessons or on line (Teams)

Assessment methods

oral

Teaching tools

virtual classroom or normal

Office hours

See the website of Enrico Boccafogli