31615 - Laboratory of Drawing and CAD T (L-Z)

Learning outcomes

Aim of the course is to get graphic maturity in the use of the technical drawing and representation language, educating the student to the use of the opportune graphic tools and the development of the three-dimensional vision of the civil forms.

Course contents

A- DRAWING MODULE

1. Course introduction, course objectives, organization, methods and evaluation

Three thousand years of design and drawing: technical drafting;The tools for drawing.

2. Freehand drawing for the design: drawing from the truth; notebook sketches; graphical analysis and conceptual drawing; Applications of freehand drawing for graphical analysis and the design process

3.Basics of surveying - Survey sketches and final drawings; measure unit.

4. Orthographic projection: introduction to descriptive geometry; the method of orthogonal projections; point, line and plane representation; specific problems solutions (position, alignment, inclusion, etc.); rotations; multiview orthographic projection; the technical representation of the project; graphics applications.

5. Axonometric projections: general information; isometric model construction; orthogonal axonometric; oblique axonometric; applications; cutaways and exploded axonometric.

6. Conventions graphics and tools for technical drawing: UNI norms, the historical evolution of the processes of standardization and unification; national and international standards committee (UNI, CEN, ISO); UNI standards for technical drawing; treatment of sections (hatches and conventions); designation systems of buildings.

7. Systems and conventions for drawings dimensioning: general principles of dimensioning; the dimensioning systems; series, parallel and progressive dimensioning; general and specific criteria for dimensioning of technical drawings; dimensioning of views, plans and elevations. Technical drawings for the project: technical representation of the project, European method: views, plans, sections, elevations; applications; scales of representation; construction details; the representation of the elements of the green and the landscape; drawings for building permission; architecture competitions drawings.

8. Perspective: projecting plans method; measuring points method; vanishing point method; lines of maximum slope; central perspective; applications; the perspective of the buildings.

9. Drawings of structures

Wood structures: UNI -ISO standards for structures of wood representation; trusses drawing; analysis, development, articulation and representation of the nodes; examples.

Steel structures: UNI -ISO standards for structures of steel representation; steel trusses; analysis, development, articulation and representation of the nodes; examples.

Concrete structures: UNI -ISO standards for the representation of structures of reinforced concrete; examples.

10. Vertical links and stairs: analysis and visualization of stairs and elevators; the elements of a stair; stair geometric classification; dimensional elements; ramps; ruled helicoids closed and open; spiral staircases; stairs design; examples.

11. Roofs: types of roofs; shape of roofs; general characteristics of roofs flat and sloped; reference terminology; design and representation; applications on various conformations of plan; parts of roofs; examples.

B- CAD MODULE

Laboratory activities will focus on digital drawing, especially on the geometric methods of constructing models. The following topics will be discussed and practised here:

− Vectorial two-dimensional graphics: general principles, functions within the interactive drawing system (functions of elementary photo graphitization, functions of geometric transformation, functions of graphic input), graphics – user interface, inking and painting, user-system interface, segmented display and file, clipping and windowing, the concept of layer, the concept of group, vectorial drawing formats, interchange formats. The use of mixed raster (halftone)-vector systems. Printing of the work to be delivered.

- 3D modelling.

Application: Autodesk AUTOCAD

Readings/Bibliography

Recommended books:

. M.Docci, D.Maestri, M.Gaiani, Scienza del disegno, CittàStudi, Novara, 2011

. R.Migliari, Geometria descrittiva, CittàStudi, Novara, 2009

. N.Crowe, P.Laseau, Visual Notes for architects and designers, New York, 1984

. Ente nazionale italiano di unificazione, M1 (voll. 1, 2, 3)

- Roberto Mingucci, Esercizi di disegno Edile, Patron Editore

. W.S.Villa, Autodesk AutoCad 2016. Guida di base per architettura, meccanica e design, Tecniche nuove, Milano, 2015

. Documentazione on-line sul sito students.autodesk.com

All the material of the course (calendar, test results, possible teaching material, etc.) will be uploaded to IOL (https://iol.unibo.it/)

Teaching methods

The course is organized in cycles of lectures and a series of practical exercises related to acquired notions on specific subjects. A sketchbook will be used during the course and studio activities; teacher will request specific graphic assignments on the sketchbook. The sketchbook will be used to record visual notes, improve free hand techniques and practices drawing in a free way of expression; it's fundamental self-training tool too. For the lab activities students are requested to bring their own drawing supplies and a series of UNI A3 sheets. Specifications on drawing instruments will be done during the lessons.

Assessment methods

The examination is composed of written session, which consist of a test, duration 2/4 hours, composed of questions usually refer to the course contents.

In order to be admitted to the examination student must be deliver with a positive grade:

a – sketchbook

b - classroom exercises of Drawing module and 100% of studio assignments of Cad module.

Higher grades will be awarded to students who demonstrate an organic understanding of the subject, a high ability for critical application, and a clear and concise presentation of the contents.

To obtain a passing grade, students are required to at least demonstrate a knowledge of the key concepts of the subject, some ability for critical application, and a comprehensible use of technical language.

Teaching tools

Exercises consists of a series of individual activities threefold:

I. a series of exercises in the classroom from work patterns assigned by the teacher to achieve on A3 paper sheet. Students are requested to complete a series of studio assignments, pencil drafted; assignments will be evaluated.

II. a series of drawings to make yourself that focus the student's ability to apply the concepts learned on a subject of your choice from a common theme assigned. Drawings will be done using A3 format paper sheet.

III. notebook sketches (paper with no white or yellow stripes or squares, with spiral binding and hard cover, format A4 size).

Delivery mode:

I - classroom exercises: at the end of each test.

II - autonomous exercises: in date notified by the teacher.

III - notebook sketches: at examination.

During studio activities students' work will be reviewed by the teacher and tutors too.

At the beginning of the course the detailed calendar of all lessons will be published on IOL.

Office hours

See the website of Cristiana Bartolomei

See the website of Massimo Ballabeni