38838 - Physics

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course the student acquires elements and concepts of physics which are required for the study of biological, chemical and physiological phenomena, and to understand the principles of operation of diagnostical and analysi instrumentation

Course contents

1st part

Scientific method: measurement, units, conversions between different units. Orders of magnitudes. Dimensions. Errors: casual and systematic errors.

Point-like bodies. Reference systems and description of motion. Scalar and vector quantities, operations among vectors. Velocity, acceleration. Equation of motion: constant acceleration. Free fall. Circular motion: angular velocity and angular acceleration. Centripetal acceleration. Frequency, period

Newton laws. Contact forces, weight, constraints and reaction forces. Momentum. Pseudoforces. dynamic and static friction. Viscous forces in fluids. Elasticity: Hooke's law, Young modulus. Harmonic oscillation. Springs.

Work, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, potential energy. Force fields. Power.

Rigid bodies, center of mass, equilibrium. Torque, momentum of inertia, angular momentum.

States of matter: fluids. Density, pression. Pascal principle, Stevino's law; Archimede's principle: flotation. Flow rate, continuity equation. Ideal fluids and Bernoulli law. Real fluids, viscosity. Flow in pipes. Poiseuille law. Laminar and turbulent flow. Reynolds number. Motion in viscous media. Wall tension, surface tension. Laplace law. Capillarity.

Thermal equilibruim. Temperature. Thermal expansion. Temperature scales. Ideal gas law. Kinetic theory of gas: pressure and temperature. Thermodynamic processes. Real gas.

Internal energy and heath. Joule experiment, work. First principle of thermodynamic. Phase changes: fusion, vaporizaton. Fusion and vaporization heath. Vapor pressure, humidity.

Second principle of thermodinamics. Brownian motion and diffusion. Fick law.

2nd part

Electric charge. Coulomb law. Electric field. Gauss theorem. Electric potential. Electronvolt. Capacitance. Capacitor. Dielectrics. Capacitor energy. Electrical current. Resistance. Ohm's laws. Joule effect. Circuits: direct current and alternate current. Parallel and series of resistances and capacitors.

Magnetism: magnetic field. Lorentz law, spectrometer. Ampere law,  magnetic moment. Magnetic properties of material. Inductance. Faraday's law. Lenz's law. Mutual and self-inductance. Inductors.

Waves and pulses. Mechanical waves. Harmonic oscillator model. Amplitude, wavelenght, frequency, velocity. Transvers and longitudinal waves. Energy and intensity. Superposition principle. Fourier theorem. Constructive and destructive interference. Stationary waves. Sound waves. Frequency spectrum, harmonics. Decibel

Wave diffraction, rays. Reflection, refraction and absorption
of light in materials. Snell's law. Total internal reflection and optic fibers.

Optical systems and image formation. Mirrors, lenses. Thin lenses. Imaging properties, focal lenght, lensmaker's equation. Aberrations. Optical resolution. Magnifying glass, microscope

Polarization. Malus' law. Young experiment, slit interference. Diffraction grating. Spectrometer.

Elements of modern physics: black-body spectrum. Photons, photoelectric effect. Wave-particle dualism, indetermination principle, de Boglie wavelength. Bohr atom. X-rays. Radioactive decay. Elements of dosimetry

Readings/Bibliography

- transparencies used in class
- D. Scannicchio, Fisica Biomedica, EdiSES                                      - D.C. Giancoli, Fisica, Casa Ed. Ambrosiana
- F. Borsa, A. Lascialfari, Principi di Fisica, EdiSES
- E. Ragozzino, Principi di Fisica, Ed. EdiSES, 2007
- F.R. Cavallo e F.L. Navarria, Appunti di probabilità e statistica per un corso di Fisica, Ed. CLUEB, 2000

Teaching methods

Lectures and excercises

Assessment methods

Written and oral exams

Teaching tools

http://ishtar.df.unibo.it/Uni/bo/farmacia/all/navarria/stuff/eser/eser.html

Office hours

See the website of Claudia Patrignani