31615 - Laboratory of Drawing and CAD T (A-K)

Learning outcomes

Aim of the course is to get graphic maturity in the use of the technical drawing and representation language, educating the student to the use of the opportune graphic tools and the development of the three-dimensional vision of the civil forms.

Course contents

A- DRAWING MODULE

1. Course introduction, course objectives, organization, methods and evaluation

Three thousand years of design and drawing: technical drafting.

The tools for drawing.

 2. Freehand drawing for the design: drawing from the truth; notebook sketches; graphical analysis and conceptual drawing.

Applications of freehand drawing for graphical analysis and the design process

Basics of surveying - Survey sketches and final drawings; measure unit.

 3. Orthographic projection: introduction to descriptive geometry; the method of orthogonal projections; point, line and plane representation; specific problems solutions (position, alignment, inclusion, etc.); rotations; multiview orthographic projection; the technical representation of the project; graphics applications.

 4. Axonometric projections: general information; isometric model construction; orthogonal axonometric; oblique axonometric; applications; cutaways and exploded axonometric.

 5. Conventions graphics and tools for technical drawing: UNI norms, the historical evolution of the processes of standardization and unification; national and international standards committee (UNI, CEN, ISO); UNI standards for technical drawing; treatment of sections (hatches and conventions); designation systems of buildings (UNI-ISO 4157).

Systems and conventions for drawings dimensioning: general principles of dimensioning; the dimensioning systems; series, parallel and progressive dimensioning; general and specific criteria for dimensioning of technical drawings; dimensioning of views, plans and elevations.

Technical drawings for the project: technical representation of the project, European method: views, plans, sections, elevations; applications; scales of representation; construction details; the representation of the elements of the green and the landscape; drawings for building permission; architecture competitions drawings.

 6. Perspective: projecting plans method; measuring points method; vanishing point method; lines of maximum slope; central perspective; applications; the perspective of the buildings.

 7. One view projection: reference elements; Representation of point, line, and plane; conditions of belonging, parallelism, perpendicularity; application problems (intersections; roofs; terrain representation; roads); l contour lines.

 8. Drawings of structures

Wood structures: UNI -ISO standards for structures of wood representation; trusses drawing; UNI 7619; analysis, development, articulation and representation of the nodes; examples.

Steel structures: UNI -ISO standards for structures of steel representation; steel trusses; UNI 7619; analysis, development, articulation and representation of the nodes; examples.

Concrete structures: UNI -ISO standards for the representation of structures of reinforced concrete; examples.

 9. Vertical links and stairs: analysis and visualization of stairs and elevators; the elements of a stair; stair geometric classification; dimensional elements; ramps; ruled helicoids closed and open; spiral staircases; stairs design; examples.

 10. Roofs: types of roofs; shape of roofs; general characteristics of roofs flat and sloped; reference terminology (UNI 8091); design and representation; applications on various conformations of plan; parts of roofs; examples.

B- CAD MODULE

Laboratory activities will focus on digital drawing, especially on the geometric methods of constructing models. The following topics will be discussed and practised here:

− Vectorial two-dimensional graphics: general principles, functions within the interactive drawing system  (functions of elementary photo graphitization, functions of geometric transformation, functions of graphic input), graphics – user interface, inking and painting, user-system interface, segmented display and file, clipping and windowing, the concept of layer, the concept of group, vectorial drawing formats, interchange formats. The use of mixed raster (halftone)-vector systems. Printing of the work to be delivered.

- 3D modelling.

Application: Autodesk AUTOCAD

Readings/Bibliography

. M.Docci, D.Maestri, M.Gaiani, Scienza del disegno, CittàStudi, Novara, 2011

. R.Migliari, Geometria descrittiva, CittàStudi, Novara, 2009

. N.Crowe, P.Laseau, Visual Notes for architects and designers, New York, 1984

. Ente nazionale italiano di unificazione, M1 (voll. 1, 2, 3)

. W.S.Villa, Autodesk AutoCad 2016. Guida di base per architettura, meccanica e design, Tecniche nuove, Milano, 2015

. Documentazione on-line sul sito students.autodesk.com

Teaching methods

The course is organized in cycles of lectures and a series of practical exercises related to acquired notions on specific subjects. A sketchbook will be used during the course and studio activities; teacher will request specific graphic assignments on the sketchbook. The sketchbook will be used to record visual notes, improve free hand techniques and practices drawing in a free way of expression; it's fundamental self-training tool too.
For the lab activities students are requested to bring their own drawing supplies and a series of UNI A3 sheets. Specifications on drawing instruments will be done during the lessons.

Assessment methods

Exam consist in a oral discussion of drawings, models and images produced by the student during the course, as well as of theory topics.

In order to be admitted to the examination student must be deliver with a positive grade:

a – sketchbook

b - 70% of classroom exercises of Drawing module (done 100% by means of recovery of any lost or with negative grade) and 100% of studio assignments of Cad module.

The lack of the requirement "b" can be obviated with a graphical exam previous oral examination with regard to the module of Drawing and Cad, sustainable once per session.

Oral and practical tests must be held in the same examination session.

Teaching tools

Exercises consists of a series of individual activities threefold:

I. a series of exercises in the classroom from work patterns assigned by the teacher to achieve on A3 paper sheet. Students are requested to complete a series of 12 studio assignments, pencil drafted; assignments will be evaluated.

II. a series of drawings to make yourself that focus the student's ability to apply the concepts learned on a subject of your choice from a common theme assigned. Drawings will be done using A3 format paper sheet.

III. notebook sketches (paper with no white or yellow stripes or squares, with spiral binding and hard cover, format A4 size )

Delivery mode:

I - classroom exercises: at the end of each test.

II - autonomous exercises: in date notified by the teacher.

III - notebook sketches: at examination.

During studio activities students' work will be reviewed by the teacher and tutors too.

Office hours

See the website of Cristiana Bartolomei

See the website of Cecilia Mazzoli