- Docente: Rita Gatti
- Credits: 8
- Language: Italian
- Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures
- Campus: Bologna
- Corso: Single cycle degree programme (LMCU) in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies (cod. 8412)
Learning outcomes
The main goal of the course is to introduce the student in the first laboratory, connecting the theoric elements with the practical aspects. The student will have the chance to acquire manual ability, from the generality of the laboratory operations (solubilization, dilution, filtration and centrifugation) to identification of inorganic pharmaceuticals, verifying the degree of purity according to the Pharmacopoeia. The second aim is to introduce and apply some analytical techniques such as Column Liquid Chromatography and Thin-Layer Chromatography.
Course contents
General rules
General rules of good behaviour and safety in laboratory. Accident prevention. Safety equipment. Dangerous chemicals and first aid in case of injury at work. First, second and third degree thermic and chemical burns. Poisonings. Chronic and acute intoxication. Antidote.
Ion analysis. Cations: bismuth, mercury, copper, aluminium, iron, manganese, zinc, cobalt, calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium). Identification reactions. Anions: chloride, bromide, iodide, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, borate, oxalate, acetate, carbonate. Identification reactions. Medicinal chemistry and chemical toxicology of inorganic compounds.
Farmacopea Ufficiale Italiana (F.U.) and European Pharmacopoeia (Eur. Pharm.) Inorganic impurity analysis (limit tests).
Introduction to atomic spectroscopic techniques. Atomic emission spectroscopy. Flame spectroscopy. Emission spectra.
Introduction tochromatographic techniques. Liquid Chromatography (LC). Principles of the chromatographic separations. Chromatographic techniques: Ion exchange chromatography and Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC).
Practice: analytical applications. Solubilization, precipitation, centrifugation, separation and extraction. Identification reaction. Pharmaceutical analysis. Qualitative analysis by flame. Inorganic impurity analysis: limit tests (F.U. and Eur. Pharm.). Ion exchange chromatography and thin layer chromatography: inorganic compound separation.
Readings/Bibliography
1. Laboratory duplicated lecture notes: practical part.
2. P. Barbetti, M.G. Quaglia, L'Analisi Qualitativa in Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica Inorganica I, Galeno, 1991.
3. A. Araneo, Chimica Analitica Qualitativa, Ambrosiana, 1993.
4. E. Mentasti, G. Saini, Analisi chimica cromatografica, Piccin, 1990.
5. R. Cozzi, P. Protti, T. Ruaro, Analisi Chimica. Moderni metodi Strumentali (teoria-strumentazione), Zanichelli, 1996.
6. H.H. Baurer, G.D. Christian, J.E. O'Reilly, Analisi strumentale, Piccin, 1985.
Teaching methods
32 hours of theoric lectures (October - January) and 48 laboratory practice in single work bench (14 – 17 consecutive afternoons) in presence of the same lecturer.
Assessment methods
The final examination aims to evaluate the achievement of didactic targets:
- to know and to be able to apply practically the identification reactions of individual cations and anions.
- to know and to be able to apply practically the characteristic reactions (limit tests) to evaluate the purity of inorganic raw materials, according to the methods of FU end Eur. Pharm..
- to know activity and toxicity of inorganic drugs.
- to know drugs and to be able to apply practically liquid chromatographic techniques.
- to demonstrate of being able to learn the main topics of the course, dealing with the next teachings.
Practical test (unlimited validity) is propaedeutic to oral examination. In order to pass the examination, it will be required orally the knowledge of at least three main topics reported in the program.
Teaching tools
Farmacopea Ufficiale Italiana (F.U.)
European Pharmacopoeia (Eur. Pharm.)
Laboratory practice
Office hours
See the website of Rita Gatti