- Docente: Isabella Orienti
- Credits: 12
- Language: Italian
- Moduli: Isabella Orienti (Modulo 1) Cristina Cavallari (Modulo 2) Cristina Cavallari (Modulo 3)
- Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures (Modulo 1) Traditional lectures (Modulo 2) Traditional lectures (Modulo 3)
- Campus: Bologna
- Corso: Single cycle degree programme (LMCU) in Pharmacy (cod. 8413)
Learning outcomes
At the end of the course the student will be able to know the differences between the different pharmaceutical formulations in relation to the characteristics of the excipients and the preparation methods, the correlations between the drug release and the administration environment, the evaluation methods of drug release and bioavailability. The student will be able moreover to prepare and evaluate innovative pharmaceutical formulations such as liposomes, micro and nanoparticulate systems , micellar and macromolecular carriers.
Course contents
1st Module Prof. I.
Orienti
Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics
Pharmaceutical dosage forms and pharmaceutical systems. Factors
influencing drug absorption and drug availability.
Pharmacokinetics. Plasma concentration –time curves. Absolute
bioavailability. Relative bioavailability. Bioequivalence. Dose
size and frequency of administration.
Physico-chemical processes that control drug release and drug
absorption. Passive diffusion through a membrane. Partition
coefficient. Dissolution. Solubility. Thermodynamic parameters.
Enhanced solubility. Micellisation. Salification.
Complexation.
Conventional drug delivery systems. Formulative
and preparative aspects correlable with the administration route
and the release characteristics. Characteristics of the excipients.
Powders, Granules, Tablets, Capsules, Solutions, Suspensions,
Emulsions, Ointments, Hydrogels, Lipogels, Pastes.
Controlled drug delivery
systems. Physico-chemical properties of the excipients
correlable with the release characteristics.
Diffusion controlled devices. Characteristics of the excipients.
Monolithic devices. Reservoir devices. Solvent controlled devices.
Osmotically controlled devices. Swelling controlled devices.
Chemically controlled devices.
Drug targeting. Passive targeting. Active targeting.
Preparation of drug containing microparticulates. Liposomes.
Microspheres. Microcapsules. Cells. In
vivo barriers to microparticulate distribution.
Macromolecular systems. Selected examples of drug delivery with
microparticulate and macromolecular systems.
2nd Module Laboratory
1: Preparing a mucilage base
Preparation of a wet granulate; using granulator
Preparing oleogel and hydrogel
Uniformity of weight of tablets
2: Dimensional analysis using sieves, vibrating screen
Measuring angle of repose of a granular material
Prepare a paste and demonstration of the Refiner
Preparing emulgel
3: Measurement of the density of a powder with a hydrometer
Monsanto hardness tester
Friabilometer
De-aggregator
Preparation of an emulsion and analysis using Microscope
Suppositories with the method of the double fusion
4: Manual Capsule filling machine (and uniformity of mass on the capsules)
Demonstration and explanation of the operation of the tabletting machine
Measurement of the content of a tablet using spectrophotometer
Readings/Bibliography
1) SWARBRICK, BOYLAN, Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dekker, 1999-2005. 2) Edizioni in vigore delle Farmacopee Italiana e Europea.
Teaching methods
lessons and laboratory activity
Assessment methods
1st Module
The Assessment of the first module occurs only with the final
exam, which ensures the acquisition of knowledge and skills
expected by conducting a written test lasting 1 hour.
The final exam test is intended to verify the achievement of the
following objectives:
Knowledge of the main functional differences among the
different pharmaceutical formulations in relation to
the physico-chemical characteristics of the excipients and the
preparative methods. Correlations between drug release and
administration environment. Evaluation methods for drug release.
Correlations between release kinetics and bioavailability. Methods
to improve bioavailability. Preparative methods for micro/nano
particulate drug delivery systems and their functional
evaluation.
The written test will consist of 16 questions with multiple choice answer. It will last 1 hour. Only one answer will be right.
Teaching tools
power point
Office hours
See the website of Isabella Orienti
See the website of Cristina Cavallari
See the website of Cristina Cavallari