91239 - Materials Spectroscopy

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, the student has acquired the fundamentals of materials spectroscopy, quantum theory of solids, as well as spectroscopic techniques based on absorption/emission, light scattering, and magnetic properties.

Course contents

Main topics

• The crystalline state: crystalline structures, direct and reciprocal lattice.
• Linear, planar and spatial space groups.
• Quasi-crystals
• Quantum theory of solids, Bloch theorem and functions.
• Elastic and inelastic scattering of photon and mass particles.
• Reticular motions, phonons, vibrational spectroscopy. 

Calendar

• 16/09/2024 16:00-18:00 TH (02h)
  
• 18/09/2024 17:00-18:00 TH (03h)
  
• 23/09/2024 16:00-18:00 TH (05h)
  
• 25/09/2024 17:00-18:00 TH (06h)
  
• 30/09/2024 16:00-18:00 TH (08h)
  
• 02/10/2024 17:00-18:00 TH (09h)
  
• 07/10/2024 16:00-18:00 TH (11h)
  
• 09/10/2024 17:00-18:00 TH (12h)
  
• 14/10/2024 16:00-18:00 TH (14h)
  
• 16/10/2024 17:00-18:00 TH (15h)*
  
• 21/10/2024 16:00-18:00 TH (17h)
  
• 23/10/2024 17:00-18:00 TH (18h)
  
• 28/10/2024 16:00-18:00 TH (20h)
  
• 30/10/2024 17:00-18:00 TH (21h)
  
• 04/11/2024 16:00-18:00 TH (23h)
  
• 06/11/2024 17:00-18:00 TH (24h)
  
• 11/11/2024 16:00-18:00 TH (26h)
  
• 13/11/2024 17:00-18:00 TH (27h)
  
• 18/11/2024 16:00-18:00 TH (29h)
• 20/11/2024 17:00-18:00 TH (30h)
• 25/11/2024 16:00-18:00 TH (32h)
  
• 27/11/2024 17:00-18:00 TH (recovery)
• 02/12/2024 16:00-18:00 TH (recovery)
• 03/11/2024 09:00-13:00 LB (36h)
  
• 17/11/2024 09:00-13:00 LB (40h)
• 18/11/2024 09:00-13:00 LB (44h)
  
• 19/11/2024 09:00-13:00 LB (48h)

 Anonymous statistical survey

Once 2/3 of the lessons have been completed, a survey will be carried out to know students' opinions on the course, in order to make it more effective. Reference links:

• https://opinionistudenti.unibo.it
• https://val.unibo.it/ (student)
• https://val.unibo.it/demo.php (survey)
• https://gestioneval.unibo.it (lecturer)

Readings/Bibliography

The material distributed by the instructor through the official teaching materials platform Insegnamenti OnLine is required reading for exam preparation.

Suggestions to further explore the course content:

BOOKS

• Introduction to Solid State Physics
  C. Kittel; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Solid State Physics
  Neil Ashcroft and N. David Mermin; Saunders College
• Spectra of Atoms and Molecules
  P. F. Bernath, Oxford University Press, 1995
• Handbook of Applied Solid-State Spectroscopy
  D.R.VI; Springer-Verlag, 2003
• Solid-State Physics: An Introduction to Principles of Materials Science
  H. Luth and H. Ibach; Springer-Verlag, 3rd Ed. 2003
  
• I Principi della Teoria dei Solidi
  J. M. Ziman; Tamburini Editore, 1975
• Solid-State Spectroscopy
  H. Kuzmany; Springer-Verlag, 3rd Ed. 1998
• The Physics and Chemistry of materials
  J. I. Gersten and F. W. Smith; J. Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2001, Canaa
• International Tables for Crystallography
  https://it.iucr.org
  http://www.physics.fudan.edu.cn/tps/people/jzhao/Book&Paper/ITC-Vol.C.pdf
• Group Theory - Application to the Physics of Condensed Matter
  M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, A. Jorio; Springer 2008.
  https://wiki.physics.udel.edu/wiki_qttg/images/b/b5/DRESSELHAUS%3Dgroup_theory.pdf

Quantum ESPRESSO

• Quantum ESPRESSO Course for Solid-State Physics
  Nguyen Tuan Hung, Ahmad R.T. Nugraha, Riichiro Saito; Jenny Stanford Publishing, 1st Ed. 2022
  Ebook: https://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003290964
  Repository: https://github.com/topics/quantum-espresso?l=roff
• Official website
  https://www.quantum-espresso.org/

ONLINE TOOLS

• Bilbao Crystallographic Server
  https://www.cryst.ehu.es/

STRUCTURE DATABASES

• American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  https://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/AMS/amcsd.php
• Crystallography Open Database
  https://www.crystallography.net/cod/

FREE SOFTWARE

• VESTA (Visualisation for Electronic Structural Analysis)
  https://jp-minerals.org/vesta/en/

USEFUL LINKS

• Brillouin zones
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brillouin_zone
• Space groups
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_groups
  Symmetry tables
  
• https://www.webqc.org/symmetry.php
  http://www.gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/character_tables/index.html
  https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/j.p.goss/symmetry/index.html
  http://pd.chem.ucl.ac.uk/pdnn/symm1/symbols.htm
• Animations of vibrational modes
  https://www.crystal.unito.it/animations_vibrational_modes.html
• Fermi surfaces
  https://condensedconcepts.blogspot.com/2011/04/periodic-table-of-fermi-surfaces.html
  

Teaching methods

Lectures and computational simulations.

Given the types of activities and teaching methods used, participation in this course requires all students to complete Modules 1 and 2 in e-learning mode via the following link:

• https://www.unibo.it/en/services-and-opportunities/health-and-assistance/health-and-safety/online-course-on-health-and-safety-in-study-and-internship-areas

Assessment methods

The assessment is aimed at verifying the acquisition of both the theoretical knowledge and the practical skills expected. The final grade reflects an evaluation of the content demonstrated during the exam.

The assessment is an oral exam at the end of the semester (upon request it is possible to fix a date before Christmas).

The duration of the exam is approximately 30 minutes.

The exam can be passed with a minimum score of 18/30.

As a guideline, the following evaluation criteria are provided:

• Failing

  • Incomplete knowledge of the subject
  • Lack of orientation within the topics
  • Inappropriate language

• Passing

  • Minimal knowledge of the subject
  • Analytical ability emerges only with the instructor’s help
  • Barely appropriate language

• Adequate

  • Good memorized knowledge of the subject
  • Fair argumentative ability
  • Correct language

• Excellent

  • Clear understanding and mastery of the subject
  • Excellent ability to elaborate and argue
  • Specific and appropriate language

Teaching tools

Blackboard (lectures and exercises) and video-projector.

Computational laboratory using Linux OS.*

Lecture notes are available in electronic format on the course's institutional website.

 

Students who require compensatory tools due to temporary or permanent disabilities, or specific learning disorders (SLD) may contact the appropriate University office well in advance:

• https://site.unibo.it/studenti-con-disabilita-e-dsa/en

The office will be responsible for proposing any necessary adjustments, which must be submitted at least 15 days before the exam date for the lecturer's approval. The lecturer will assess their appropriateness in relation to the learning objectives of the course.

*Running executable files from the lab Linux command prompt

• gview
• mg16
• molden
• VESTA
• xcrysden
• pwgui
• pw.x

 

Office hours

See the website of Assimo Maris