31615 - Laboratory of Drawing and CAD T (A-K)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, the student will possess the theoretical knowledge and the necessary tools to represent the project in its geometric and spatial components both with traditional techniques and with CAD techniques.

Course contents

Drawing section:

The following topics will be discussed as part of the Drawing section:

1. Introduction to the course, the organization and goals of the course, assessment criteria, drawing materials and tools.

2. Freehand drawing for graphic analysis and project: life drawing, drawing for graphic analysis, sketchbook.

3. Orthographic projection: introduction to descriptive geometry, projection of point, segment, line and plane, conditions for parallelism and perpendicularity, projection of plane surfaces and solids.

4. Technical representation of the project (plans, sections, elevations). Scale of representation.

5. Vertical connections: analysis and representation of stairs, components of stairwell, types of stairs, staircase project.

6. Graphic conventions and tools for technical drawing: national and international standards committee (UNI, CEN, ISO); UNI standards for technical drawing.

7. Systems and conventions for dimensioning drawings: general principles of dimensioning, dimensioning systems, general criteria for dimensioning technical drawings, dimensioning plans and elevations.

8. Axonometric projection: reference elements, Pohlke's theorem, orthogonal axonometry, oblique axonometry, applications of axonometry, axonometric cross-section and axonometric exploded views.

9. Perspective projection: reference elements, accidental perspective, central perspective, applications of perspective.

10. Basics of surveying: surveying tools, direct surveying, eidotypes, methods for graphic restitution.

11. Wood, steel and reinforced concrete structures: the UNI-ISO standard for their representation, examples of executive project drawings.

12. Roofs: general characteristics and morphology of the roofs, types of roofs, reference terminology.

CAD section:

The activity of the laboratory will focus on the aspects of the previous academic years related to digital drawing, in particular on the geometric methods of producing the drawings and the following topics will be discussed:

1. Generalities of Autodesk AutoCAD: General, Work environment (initial screen and graphic interface with horizontal ribbon), Use of commands in AutoCAD (interaction with the command line, use of the keyboard, use of the right mouse button), Management of drawings (creating a new drawing, opening and saving a .dwg file), Selection tools, Precision tools (reference system, units of measure, view zoom, coordinate input, grid, object snap), Control display (“Intellizoom” command), Multifunction grip.

2. Draw with Autodesk AutoCAD: Commands for drawing two-dimensional objects and graphic primitives (line segments, polylines, circular arcs, circles and ellipses, rectangles, regular polygons, spline curves, points, lines and construction radii), edit (command "divide", "measure", "move", "copy", "mirror", "rotate", "scale", "align", "offset", "cut", "extend", "stretch", "fillet", "top", "break", "join", "explode", "series"), Layer and object properties, Annotativity, Texts, Tables, Fills and fills, Measurement tools, Dimensioning of drawings, Blocks, External references, Print management (table of print styles, .ctb file, .stb file, print from model space, print from paper space after pagination on layout, PDF print).

3. Outline of raster and two-dimensional vector graphics: Introduction to digital graphics, that is, category of digital graphics (raster graphics, vector graphics), Differences between raster and vector graphics, Raster and vector image formats, Digital graphics software.

Readings/Bibliography

Suggested textbooks:

Apollonio I.F., Architettura in 3D. Modelli digitali per i sistemi cognitivi, Ed. Bruno Mondadori, Milano, 2012.

Bertoline G. R., Wiebe E. N., Fondamenti di comunicazione grafica, McGrow-Hill, Milano 2004.

Bocconcino M., Osello A., Vernizzi C., Zerbi A., Il Disegno e l’Ingegnere. Il Disegno del Territorio, della Città e dell’Architettura: applicazioni per allievi ingegneri e architetti, Levrotto & Bella, Torino, 2010.

Ching F. D. K., Juroszek S.P., Design Drawing, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2010.

Crowe N., Laseau P., Visual Notes for architects and designers, NewYork, 1984.

Docci M., Maestri D., Manuale di rilievo architettonico e urbano, Laterza, Bari, 2020.

Docci M., Maestri D., Gaiani M., Scienza del disegno, CittàStudi, Novara, 2011.

Empler T., Il Disegno Automatico tra progetto e rilievo, Officina, Roma 2002.

Geddo M., Marangoni R., Le immagini digitali, Hoepli, Milano 2000.

Migliari R., Geometria descrittiva, CittàStudi, Novara, 2009.

Nale D., AutoCAD 2005 - Modellazione 3D, Milano 2004 (con CD-ROM).

Sdegno A., Architettura e rappresentazione digitale, Libreria Editrice Cafoscarina, Venezia.

Vernizzi C., Il disegno in Pier Luigi Nervi. Dal dettaglio della materia alla percezione dello spazio, Mattioli 1885, Fidenza, 2011.

Teaching methods

Drawing section:

The course includes a series of individual exercises of three types:

1. Ex-tempore in the classroom guided by the teacher (paper size A3: 420 x 297 mm). All drawings must have the heading according to the model that will be provided by the teacher and must be handed in at the end of each day.

2. Exercises to be made at home, fundamental to focus on the student's ability to apply the notions learned (paper size A3: 420 x 297 mm).

3. Sketchbook (A4 size: 297 x 210 mm). The notebook allows to develop the appropriate skill towards freehand drawing topics and familiarity with traditional drawing tools. The Sketchbook will be used to take notes of the lessons, record the traces of the exercises explained in class, plan the layout of the tables, carry out the exercises on life drawing.

CAD section:

The course includes a series of individual exercises. Each text related to the exercise will be made available to the student.

Final exercise:

The final exercise involves the practical application of the theoretical content of the descriptive geometry and technical drawing lectures and has as its object the study of the built environment through the redrawing of some of the houses of the cities of Bologna and Milan. A case study will be assigned to each student, to be analyzed through both manual and digital drawing. A detailed list of the drawings to be completed will be provided during the course.

Assessment methods

All material produced during the course remains valid only for the current academic year (2022-23).

Admission to the exam is subject to prior evaluation of all exercises.

In order to take the exam, it is necessary to register through Almaesami, respecting the deadlines. Each student will also have to submit scans of paper drawings (in PDF format) and digital drawings produced during the course within the specially prepared folder on the "Virtual" platform, within the deadlines set by the lecturer.

The final exam consists of a reasoned dissertation inherent to the topics covered in the lectures with the discussion of the drawings produced for the final exercise and all the material produced during the course.

The final evaluation is graded on the basis of the student's ability to explain and put into practice the expected knowledge. The complete acquisition of the skills is necessary to pass the exam.

The final grade is given depending not only on the final exercise, but also on the outcome of the evaluations on the exercises carried out during the course.

Teaching tools

Autodesk AutoCAD | 3D design, engineering and construction software [https://www.autodesk.it/]. Free download for students.

Office hours

See the website of Sandra Mikolajewska

See the website of Andrea Donelli