28625 - Basics of Chemistry T-A L (A-K)

Learning outcomes

The course is aimed on giving to the student the knowledge of Chemistry that is necessary to understand and predict the behaviour of the materials used in the main industrial processes and to understand the effect of materials and processes on the environment

Course contents

It is not necessary for new stuents to have previous knowledge of Chemistry

All lessons will be in Italian

The course program is divided in the following parts:

1. The atom and atom models

• Atom composition (electrons, protons and neutrons); Crookes experiment, Rutheford experiments, elecromagnetic spectrum, photoelectric effect, Heisemberg principle.
• Atomic number, mass number and isotops.
• Atom structure and atomic models: Thompson, Rutherford, Bohr
• Schrodinger equation.
• Electronic configuration of atoms and ions; Pauli principle, Hund rules.

2. Mole, chemical reaction and stoichiometry

• the concept of mole
• molecular and molar masses. Calculation of number of moles.
• Chemical equation and balancement of equations.
• Reaction Yield.
• Stoichiometry exercizes.

3. The periodic  table, the chemical bond and the intermolecular interactions

• Periodic properties (atomic volume, ionization energy, electronic affinity, metallic character)
• The chemical bond
• Lewis Formulas
• ionic bond: the concept of ionic valence
• Covalent bond: single and multiple bonds. Lewis and VB theories.
• Molecular geometry. VSPER model.
• Bond energy.
• Molecular polarity
• Intermolecular forces

4. oxidation number and chemical names of molecules

• Calculation of oxidation number
• Classical and IUPAC nomeclatures

5. Form of aggregations: Liquid, solid and gas

• the gas phase: Boyle law,  Avogadro hypothesis, the law of perfect gas, Dalton law.
• the liquid phase: vapor pressure, viscosity, supercritical fluids
• the solid phase: chrystalline lattices

6. solutions and colligative properties

• effect of pressure and temperature on solubility
• molarity
• colligative properties
• Phase diagrams with one or two phases

7. Termodynamic and thermochemistry 

• first principle of thermodynamic
• enthalpy definition
• Hess law

8. Chemical Kinetics

• reaction rate
• activation energy and Arrhenius law.
• catalysis

9. Chemical Equilibrium

• definition of equilibrium constant
• Le Chatelier principle

10. Acid Base equilibrium

• Arrhenius and bronsted-Lowry theories
• Kw, pH and pOH.
• pH calculation for strong acids and bases

11. Organic Chemistry fundamentals

• hydrocarbons nomenclature
• fossil fuels: types and characteristics. Calculation of octane number
• bio-fuels
• heteroatoms and functional groups

12. Polymeric materials

• Polymer classes
• crystallinity of polymers
• correlation between structure and properties
• synthesis of polymers
• polymer uses
• recycle of polymers
• polymers from renewable resorurces and biodegradable polymers

13. Metallic materials

• Steel and cast iron production
• Iron-carbon diagrams
• alloys

14. Composite materials

• composite with polymer matrix
• kevlar, carbon and glass fibers
• preparation methods

15.Mechanical properties

• mechanical properties of polymers and steel
• stress-strain diagram
• dynamical mechanical testing
• impact testing

Readings/Bibliography

E. Michelin A. Munari. FONDAMENTI DI CHIMICA. CEDAM.

M. S. Silberberg. CHIMICA, McGraw-Hill.

P. Atkins, L. Jones, PRINCIPI DI CHIMICA, Zanichelli.

Teaching methods

Teaching will be performed in class with the aid of powerpoint slides. Exercises similar to those present in the final exam will be performed during the course

Assessment methods

there will only be a written exam. Composed of the following parts:

 

• multiple choice questions on the first part of the program (till point 10 of the program) [10.00 points];
• nomenclature [3.00 points];
• electronic configurations [2.00 points];
• molecular geometry [3.00 points];
• stoichiometry [3.00 points];
• phase diagram exercise [5.00 points];
• theorethical question on the second part of the program [3.50 points];
• theorethical question on the second part of the program [3.50 points];

a example of the final exam is avaialble on the professor website

Office hours

See the website of Martino Colonna