39238 - Paralytic and Restrictive Strabismus, Nystagmus

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, the student knows the main causes of neuromuscular anomalies of the eyes; he/she is able to diagnose a paralytic strabismus and to differentiate paralytic from restrictive strabismus; he/she knows the main forms of congenital and acquired pathologic nystagmus and has the knowledge to distinguish motor defect from sensory defect nystagmus. He/she knows the principles of nonsurgical and surgical treatment of patients with pathologic nystagmus.

Course contents

Paralytic strabismus: diagnosis and clinical characteristics; examination of ductions and versions; measurement of the deviation; the head tilt test; compensatory anomalies of head position; sensory anomalies; past pointing; neurogenic paralysis; myogenic paralysis; restricitve mechanical strabismus; the forced duction test and the determination of generated muscle force; saccadic velocity; 3rd cranial nerve paralysis; 4th cranial nerve paralysis; 6th cranial nerve paralysis; skew deviation; paralysis of both elevators or depressors; supranuclear gaze paralysis; nonsurgical therapy of paralytic strabismus; surgical therapy of paralytic strabismus; Restrictive strabismus: diagnosis and clinical characteristics: Duane retraction syndrome; Brown syndrome; congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles; endocrine myopathy; acute orbital myosities; blow-out and blow-in orbital fractures; ocular myasthenia gravis; chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Principles of nonsurgical and surgical treatment in restrictive strabismus. Pathologic nystagmus: diagnosis and clinical characteristics; nonsurgical and surgical treatment

Teaching methods

Frontal lectures; attendance at the Neuro-ophthalmologic Service of the University Eye Clinic

Assessment methods

Oral examination

Teaching tools

Slide and video projection

Office hours

See the website of Costantino Schiavi