69859 - AIR POLLUTION CHEMISTRY

Conoscenze e abilità da conseguire

At the end of the course the student will acquire the basic knowledge of atmospheric chemical interactions on cultural properties resulting from past and present airborne pollution; connections between atmospheric composition, its historical evolution into a polluted environment as well as temporal trends will be discussed. Special focus will be given to the main gaseous pollutants and to ambient particulate matter as well as to their physico-chemical characterization in indoor and outdoor conditions. Gas-to particle reactions, oxidation processes in the atmosphere and their influence on the surfaces exposed will be described.

Contenuti

Atmospheric structure (vertical variation of intensive properties: T, P, density, RH%) - Detailed atmospheric composition (from volume percentages to ppt), its planetary evolution and current compositional changes - Concentration/reactivity relationship - units of measurement of concentrations. atmospheric, reference conditions atmospheric gaseous state - natural and anthropogenic sources - atmosphere as a heterogeneous system and its transience (role of water and particulate matter) - Atmospheric motions: space-time scales of atmospheric processes, transport/reactivity synergy in concentration variations of atmospheric species, mass balances and maximum transport distance probability - Atmospheric residence time: reconciling concentrations, chemical reactivity, and transport - Air pollutants and their sources - primary and secondary pollutants - Focus on: SO2, NOx, O3 - Volatile Organic Compounds - Atmospheric oxidative reactivity: the oxidizing capacities of the atmosphere and their connections with secondary species - relationship between atmospheric chemistry, air quality and ongoing climate change - Atmospheric particulate matter (aerosol): size distribution and Composition (macro and micro components) - Coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter - Standard particulate matter metrics: PM10, PM2.5, PM1 - Sources of primary and secondary particulate matter - Abiotic, biogenic and biological aerosols (bioaerosols) - Atmospheric residence time and environmental fate of particulate matter - Dry and wet deposition - Hygroscopicity of particulate matter: clouds, fog and hydrometeors (role of PM in the hydrological cycle) - Particulate pH, natural and contaminated rain, acid rain - Morphology of particulate matter - Externally and internally mixed particles - Methods for physical and chemical characterization of PM

Testi/Bibliografia

Lesson notes, pdf files, Teacher Slides

All the material will be shared online through the Virtuale. Unibo platform

Metodi didattici

Frontal lessons

Slides on the 4 sections in which the course is split + books and other reports or papers on specific topics on which consolidating/checking slides illustrated in the classes

The whole course program and slides includes a rich selection of case studies to reveal the nature and origin of specific pollutants, the mechnism of the chemical attack on specific artistic substrates ranging from stone, to pigments and other organic manufacts  (paper, wood, tapestry...)as well as archeological materials, with the aim of enlightening 1) nature of the pollutants and 2)corresponding vulnerability by specific class of materials.

Special emphasis will be given to airborne particulate matter responsible and mediator of the most severe cases of degradation s well s the control on atmospheric humidity in the air itself, but also following particle surface deposition, thus including the influence /mechanism of blackcrust formation and many others

Further explanations available on appointment by email

Modalità di verifica e valutazione dell'apprendimento

The exam is based on a short presentation in PowerPoint (Max 10-12 slides) prepared on research papers in the field of atmospheric pollution and its chemical effects on the wide range of materials used in Cultural Heritage. The research paper from current scientific literature will be chosen by each candidate after check and approval by the teacher for consistency with the study curriculum. All the pupils are encouraged to present their own slides to the whole class under the teacher supervision in order to share as many as possible case studies as well as to have the opportunity of developing their own capacity and enthusiasm on the topic.  An oral examination (on different dates) on two topics among those discussed within the outlined program will complete the evaluation and the final score.

Students with Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) or temporary/permanent disabilities are advised to contact the University Office responsible in a timely manner (https://site.unibo.it/studenti-con-disabilita-e-dsa/en ). The office will be responsible for proposing any necessary accommodations to the students concerned. These accommodations must be submitted to the lecturer for approval at least 15 days in advance, and will be evaluated in light of the learning objectives of the course.

Strumenti a supporto della didattica

Power point presentations an whiteboard.

Taking written notes during lessons to integrate the learning an assimilation process is highly recommended.

Slides prepared by the teacher for the 4 main branches in which the course is split

Slides are complemented by textbooks, journal papers and reports for checking and consolidating contents treated in class

Further explanations/support can be provided by the teacher on appointment

Orario di ricevimento

Consulta il sito web di Laura Tositti