- Docente: Domenica Tonelli
- Credits: 10
- SSD: CHIM/01
- Language: Italian
- Moduli: Domenica Tonelli (Modulo 1) Domenica Tonelli (Modulo 2) Isacco Gualandi (Modulo 3)
- Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures (Modulo 1) Traditional lectures (Modulo 2) Traditional lectures (Modulo 3)
- Campus: Bologna
- Corso: First cycle degree programme (L) in Industrial Chemistry (cod. 8513)
Learning outcomes
At the end of the course the student is able to understand the
principles defining analytical chemistry from the point of view of
the "problem solving" approach. Furthermore, he has acquired
knowledge as to: chemical equilibria in solution with particular
attention to the simultaneous ones with the aim of carrying out
simple qualitative tests and of defining the optimal conditions for
a reaction to occur; volumetric and gravimetric quantitative
determinations; standard analysis procedures, understanding and
development of a SOP; statistical treatment of the data and
significance tests for the final evaluation of analytical data;
potentiometry and its applications.
Moreover the student is able to draw up an analysis
certificate.
Course contents
Fundamentals of statistics in analytical chemistry. Quality of
analytical data. Significant figures. Sources of uncertainty.
Errors in chemical analysis. Gross, systematic and random errors.
Accuracy and precision. Propagation of errors. Methods for
reporting analytical data. Significance tests: Student's t. Test
for evaluating accuracy. Test for evaluating precision. Comparison
of two experimental means.
Acids and bases in water. Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis
theories. Strength of acids and bases. Polyfunctional acids and
bases. Ampholytes. Buffer solutions. Systematic approach to the
chemical equilibria. pH calculations. Acid-base titrations methods
for estimating thre equivalent point. Titration error.
Solubility equilibria. Solubility as a function of pH.
Precipitation titrations.
Complex formation. Complexation as a function of pH. Conditional
and thermodynamic constants. Solubility as a function of
complexation. Complexometric titrations. EDTA and analytical
applications. Interferences and masking.
Redox equilibria in homogeneous phase. Electrochemical cells.
Influence of pH, solubility and complex formation on redox
potential. Stability of redox systems in water. E/pH diagrams.
Redox titrations.
Potenziometry. Direct and indirect measurements. Indicator and
reference electrodes. Ion selective electrodes. Potentiometric
titrations.
Application of analytical methods to the solution of real problems.
Laboratory course:
Frontal lessons
Tracking laboratory activity. The volumetric glassware: characteristics and use. Practical features of volumetric titrations: determination of endpoint by means of indicators or graphical and numerical methods. Primary standards. Error treatment. Practical features of gravimetry. Introduction to potentiometry
Lab activity
Preparation of solutions. Qualitative analysis: cations identification. Acid-base titrations: standardisation of HCl and NaOH solutions; determination of the titer of unknown solutions. Redox, precipitatin and complexometric titrations: determination of the titer of unknown solutions. Potentiometric titrations.
Numerical exercises
Besides the laboratory experiments the students will have to conduct the statistical treatment of the experimental data obtained during their Lab activity. This work will be done by fullfilling a report which will be evaluated an dwill partly contribute to the final score. Furthermore, the students have to compile their own laboratory notebook, recording their activity and results.
Readings/Bibliography
D.C. Harris, Chimica Analitica Quantitativa, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2017.
V. Di Marco, D. Pastore , G.G. Bombi, Chimica Analitica, Trattazione algebrica e grafica degli equilibri chimici in soluzione acquosa,Edises, Napoli, 2015.
D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, F.J. Holler, S.R. Crouch, Fondamenti di Chimica Analitica. EdiSES, Napoli, 2015.
D.S. Hage, J.D. Carr, Chimica Analitica e Analisi Quantitativa, Piccin, Padova, 2012.
Teaching methods
Lectures integrated by exercises related to the discussed topics. It is encouraged individual study on text books and team-discussion on the arguments under study. The Course is integrated with that of laboratory work. Theory and laboratory work must co-exist since practice not only develops the capability of the student to think but also to act independently.
Assessment methods
The assessment of learning takes place through a final written exam. The score is integrated with that obtained for the Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry course (only one final mark).
The final score comes from the weighed average of the marks scored in the written exam (expressed out of 30 with the passing score as 18) and the overall evaluation of the Lab activity which is also based on the score coming from a final experimental test (expressed out of 30).
The written test consists of two parts which take generally place in two separate days: the first part is based on "preliminary questions" (maximum 5 exercises and/or multiple-choice questions) concerning basic knowledge and ability to be considered as a requirement for the understanding of the course content. The second part (exam test) is based on "open questions " related to the knowledge and understanding of the topics and content of the theoretical and Lab courses.
Passing the "preliminary questions" test is mandatory to be able to access to the exam test. It is essential to answer correctly at least 75% of the "preliminary questions" in order to appear for the second part. If the student passes the preliminary test, he/she can access to the exam test on that round and/or in the following one
The duration of the exam test is about 3 hours.
Use of textbooks, smartphones and notes (or slides) taken during classes is prohibited during the test. It is compulsory to bring a calculator for the exam (the ones available in tablets or mobile phones are not allowed) and the required stationay (pencils, set square, rubber and pencil sharpener) to draw graphical plots.
The material on which the exam would be written (paper sheets and graph papers) shall be provided by the Teacher.
Once the exam is passed, its validity lasts only for 2 successive exam tests unless the student appears again for the written exam before the validity ends and delivers the new written paper elaborate to the teacher to be corrected.
Teaching tools
Lectures and class-room activities are carried out with the help of transparencies and video-projection. Laboratories, software for data treatment, experiences booklet.
The teaching material is available to the students. The experimental work will be carried out in the analytical Laboratory.
Office hours
See the website of Domenica Tonelli
See the website of Isacco Gualandi
SDGs
This teaching activity contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda.