70209 - Technical Drawing

Learning outcomes

At the end of the module, the student will have acquired a basic understanding of the theories, techniques, and methods of technical representation in architectural design, as well as knowledge of the standards and conventions of technical and standardized drawing.

Course contents

Technical Representation in Architecture

The representation of architecture through orthographic projections (review):
From the three-dimensional model/reality to the production of sections: plans and elevations.

Graphic conventions:
Line types and line weights in plans and elevations, CAD layer schemes, hatching in sections and elevations, and UNI technical drawing standards.

Drawing scale and levels of detail.

Dimensioning systems.

Applications:

• Representation of staircases

• Representation of windows and doors

• Pitched roofs

• Shadows with 45° shadow projection on elevations, perspectives, and axonometric views; 45° lighting on site plans

• Exploded axonometric drawings and sectional perspectives

• Drawing from life: perspectives, proportions, and eidotype sketches

Notes on redrawing an architectural work:
Analysis of proportions and modular systems, dimensioning, and scaling.

Readings/Bibliography

The use of course materials provided by the instructor and made available online, along with lecture notes, will be essential.

The reference texts are:

R. Migliari, Geometria dei modelli, Edizioni Kappa, Roma 2003.

R. Migliari, Geometria descrittiva – Volume I – Metodi e costruzioni, CittàSutdi Edizioni, Novara 2009.

R. Migliari, Geometria descrittiva – Volume II – Tecniche e applicazioni , CittàSutdi Edizioni, Novara 2009

Migliari, R., & Fasolo, M. (2022). Prospettiva. Teoria e applicazioni (pp. 1-444). Ulrico Hoepli Editore.

Teaching methods

During the lectures, general issues related to the representation of architecture and the development of representational methods for drawing spatial forms will be discussed. The course will be complemented by laboratory exercises. These exercises will be individual and hands-on, aimed at providing each student with the opportunity to engage directly with the study and representation of spatial solutions connected to specific geometric problems. The activities will be structured so that, within each exercise, students can practically develop solutions to the problems introduced theoretically during the lectures.

Assessment methods

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Exam: Drawings and Assessment

The final exam for the integrated course in Architectural Drawing consists of an assessment covering the content of all the modules that make up the integrated course. The exam is held in a single session, divided into two parts.

In the first part, the student must present the required drawings related to the assigned architectural theme.

The second part consists of an oral examination, in which the student is asked to provide a theoretical explanation of the constructions discussed during the lectures. The exam also includes the evaluation of the quality and geometric accuracy of the graphic work submitted. These works include:

• the sketchbook: a bound notebook with blank drawing paper, in which the student organises and records notes taken during the lessons;

• the drawings produced during classroom exercises, completed where necessary through individual work; these must be executed on sheets of at least A3 size (larger formats are also acceptable), using rough or semi-rough paper suitable for watercolour techniques;

• the digital files and printed drawings (plans and elevations) of the assigned architectural project, saved in a personal OneDrive folder.

The final grade will be a single mark, reflecting the overall evaluation of the course content across all three modules of the integrated course.

Both the graphic work and the oral exam will be evaluated according to the following criteria, with the corresponding maximum scores:

1. Quality and geometric accuracy of the assigned graphic work, up to a maximum of 18 points, distributed as follows:

   • Sketchbook: up to 3 points

   • Descriptive geometry drawings: up to 5 points

   • Digital files and A1 printed drawings of the architectural theme: up to 10 points

2. Oral examination, up to a maximum of 12 points.

Teaching tools

Course Organisation and Registration

The course makes use of the University of Bologna's e-learning system, based on the Moodle platform. Each student, either from their own computer or using the computers available in the computer labs, must first access the website http://elearning.unibo.it/ and carefully read the Student Manual, which also provides instructions for registration. All teaching activities will be managed through the Moodle platform, which allows students to download course materials provided by the instructor (texts, images, drawings, 3D models, etc.), communicate with the instructor or participate in discussion groups, upload documents for review, take assessment tests, and more.

Required Drawing Materials

Students must have the following standard drawing materials:

• a drawing board of approximately 50 × 40 cm,

• pencils of hardness H, F, and B,

• technical pens,

• a 50 cm ruler,

• a 45° set square,

• a compass.

In addition, students must have:

• a sketchpad with heavy rough or semi-rough paper, A3 or larger (approx. 30 × 40 cm),

• a tube of sepia watercolour paint (for chiaroscuro shading),

• two synthetic watercolour brushes, one fine and one medium,

• a bound sketchbook, A5, A4, or similar format, with smooth white heavyweight paper (150 g/m²).

Software

During the lectures, the instructor will use various software programs (e.g. ThinkDesign, Rhinoceros, 3ds Max, etc.). For digital drawing, AutoCAD is required. This software is available free of charge to students, as detailed below. AutoCAD is also installed on all the computers in the faculty’s computer labs.

Students can obtain a free one-year license (renewable for the duration of their studies) by registering at:
http://students.autodesk.com/ .

Office hours

See the website of Federico Fallavollita

See the website of Riccardo Foschi