- Docente: Paolo Garofalo
- Credits: 8
- SSD: GEO/05
- Language: English
- Moduli: Paolo Garofalo (Modulo 1) Dmitri Rouwet (Modulo 2)
- Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures (Modulo 1) Traditional lectures (Modulo 2)
- Campus: Bologna
- Corso: Second cycle degree programme (LM) in Geology and Territory (cod. 9073)
Learning outcomes
This course aims at providing an integrated and quantitative understanding of the geochemical processes leading to the genesis of mineral deposits, their environmental impact, and the analytical questions linking them. The first module will focus on analysis of rocks and minerals. The second module will focus on analysis of fluids and gases.
Course contents
The objective of this course is giving the students an introduction to the geochemical processes, techniques, and methods that are necessary to quantify and model the genesis of primary mineral deposits (typical ore bodies), recover secondary raw materials (mine tailings or industrial waste), quantify rock-fluid-gas interactions in geological environments, evaluate the interactions between mine fluids (or other waste fluids) and solids from the RM industry, and also evaluate environmental risks and rehabilitation good practices associated to RM exploitation. The course contents will include electrolyte theory; concept and use of equilibrium constants in geochemistry; chemical potential diagrams; fluid- and gas equilibria in volcanic and geothermal environments; metal partitioning, solubility, and transport in natural aqueous solutions; solubility of ore and gangue minerals; saturation index and its applications; mineral stability diagrams; Eh-pH diagrams; mineral, solute, and gas geothermometry; stable isotope systematics; chemistry of metal recovery and refining in industry; hazard and risk mitigation strategies related to RMs; environmental impact and consequent rehabilitation of natural and man-made pollution.
At the end of the course the students will gain the fundamental geochemical tools to RM exploration, recovery, and evaluation of environmental impact. A number of seminars from industry and institutional partners will provide hands-on knowledge and case studies of applications of geochemical tools.
Readings/Bibliography
Barnes H.L. (1997). Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits: Wiley & Sons, Inc.. 3rd Edition
Treatise in Geochemistry (2003). Environmental Geochemistry. Vol. 9. p. 1-203. Elsevier
Andreson G. (2017). Thermodynamics of Natural Systems. Cambridge University Press, 3rd Edition
Volcanic Degassing, 2003. C. Oppenheimer, C., Pyle, D.M., Barclay, J. (Eds.) Geological Society of London, http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.213
Papers and additional reading material will be distributed as wel
Teaching methods
Class teaching;
Fieldwork;
Laboratory excercises;
Seminars
Assessment methods
Different assessment methods will be used to evaluate the students: content-based, competence-based and impact-based assessments. Content-based assessment refers to assessment tasks that mainly ask the learner about facts. Competence-based assessments refers to assessment of intended learning outcomes that ask the learner to show ability to also use these facts. Impact-based assessments take the assessment of competencies one step further and ask the learner to use these competencies in a real-life situation to create a change or solve a challenge.
Class participation: 20%
Lab / field work: 40%
Written outputs - essay or laboratory exercise: 40%Teaching tools
Laboratory excercises;
Office hours
See the website of Paolo Garofalo
See the website of Dmitri Rouwet
SDGs
This teaching activity contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda.