B5196 - Agricultural and Forest Soil Mechanics

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, students will know all the principles of geotechnical engineering and they will be able to apply such knowledge for the design and protection of land resources.

Course contents

Lectures (36 hours):

Module 1: Soil Classification

Genesis, definitions. Technical properties and physical characteristics of the soil. Identification and classification of soils. Grain size distribution curve. Sedimentation and sieving. Atterberg limits: Liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, plasticity index, clay activity index, plasticity chart, determination of liquid limit using the Casagrande spoon and the cone penetrometer method, determination of plastic limit.

Module 2: Soil Elasticity

Mechanical properties and elasticity. Hooke's law. Stress-strain relationship. Young's modulus, Poisson's coefficient, shear modulus. Normal stress and shear stress. Stress state. Shear-strain relationship.

Module 3: Shear Strength

Possible and impossible states, and the limit curve. Deformations in the soil. Shear strength and failure surfaces. Coulomb failure line, soil friction angle, cohesion, Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria. Mohr circles: Principal directions, principal stresses. Failure mechanisms.

Module 4: Soil Strains

Settlement, differential settlement. Consolidation, overconsolidation. Compaction. Determining factors.

Module 5: In-Situ Investigations and Laboratory Tests

Sampling, disturbed and undisturbed. Laboratory tests: moisture content measurement, specific gravity, permeability, shear strength: Triaxial compression test (CD, CU, UU), direct shear test (Casagrande's box). Unconfined compression test. Consolidation test. Proctor test. In-situ investigations.

Module 6: Earth Pressure

Surface loads, weight of the soil. Rankine's theory: passive pressure, active pressure, at-rest pressure. Coulomb's theory: pressures.

Module 7: Foundations

Function and types. Mechanisms of failure for shallow foundations, Terzaghi's theory for calculating the bearing capacity of soil, calculation of the bearing capacity safety factor.

Module 8: Retaining Walls

Gravity walls. Cantilever walls. Double live pile. Sheet piles (Berlin and anchored). Wall stability: definitions. Stability analysis for overturning and sliding. Stability analysis for bearing capacity.

Module 9: Slope Stability

Landslides and slope movements. Predisposing and triggering factors. Classification and types. Stability Assessment: Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). Overview of the Method of Strips. Stabilization interventions. Focus on reinforced soils.

Module 10: Hydrogeological Instability

Introduction and definitions. Floods and landslides. Defense and planning. Territorial planning. Risk estimation. Hazard maps. Thematic maps: morphological, geological ones. GIS as tools for prevention. PAI (Hydrogeological Constraint Map) and hazard areas.

Exercises (24 hours):

Stability checks: stable and unstable slopes. Introduction to SSAP software. Exercises using the program for slope stability verification.

Readings/Bibliography

Course material:

• PDF notes provided by the teacher. To aid class learning process, these notes should be printed before each lecture. These notes will be provided with IOL service.
• Budhu, Muni - Soil mechanics and foundations - John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
• Review of the basic concepts of Physics. PDF summary notes of the main concepts will be provided in PDF format by the teacher (through the IOL service).
  

Discretionary course material:

• Supplementary material provided by the Ttacher.
• J. Facciorusso – Dispense di Geotecnica – Università di Firenze download link: http://people.dicea.unifi.it/johannf/?page=support_geot.
• John Atkinson - Fundamentals of ground engineering - CRC Press.
• Whitlow, Roy- Basic soil mechanics - Longman, 1990.
• Piergiuseppe Froldi - Dissesto idrogeologico e stabilità dei versanti. Consolidamento dei pendii con palificate. Analisi e progettazione - Maggioli Editore, 2015.
• Koolen, A. J., H. Kuipers.  Agricultural soil mechanics. Springer-Verlag, NY, 1983.

Teaching methods

Lectures, tutorials, and independent learning will be employed. To take part of the soil mechanics laboratory, it is mandatory to attend preemptively the safety course.

During the course, joint seminars will be organized for the two modules, Agro-Forestry Geotechnics and Hydraulic-Forestry Engineering Works, delivered by experts in slope stabilization and landslide mitigation. Field visits will also be arranged to provide students with the opportunity to observe and analyze slope instability and landslide phenomena in real-world settings.

As part of the final assessment, students will be assigned a design project to be developed throughout the course and presented during the final examination.

Assessment methods

The course "Agricultural and forest soil mechanics" is a module of "Slope Stability and Hydraulic Protection of the Agro-Forestry Areas" together with the course of "Hydraulic-Forestry arrangements". Consequently, the final assessment will be the average value of the single assessment of each course.

For this module, the final exam will consist in an oral examination consisting of the discussion of the assigned slope stability analysis and two oral questions related to the topics covered during the course.

The online exam confirmation is mandatory.

Considering that is a module, the recording Teacher is Prof . Francesca Valenti.

Students wishing to take the examination in English are allowed.

Students with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) or temporary or permanent disabilities: students are encouraged to contact the University office responsible for support services as early as possible (https://site.unibo.it/studenti-con-disabilita-e-dsa/en). The office will propose any appropriate accommodations to the students concerned. Such accommodations must be submitted to the course instructor for approval at least 15 days in advance. The instructor will assess their suitability in relation to the learning outcomes and educational objectives of the course.

With regard to assessment, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools is strictly prohibited. Any use of such tools will be considered a violation of academic integrity.

Teaching tools

Lectures in class, laboratory and computer lab.

Office hours

See the website of Francesca Valenti