85240 - ANATOMIA UMANA

Course contents

PART 1 - 6 CFU (Prof. Marco Franchi) ANATOMY APPLIED TO THE MOVEMENT ACTIVITY

General Considerations

Anatomy, the science describing the shape of body and organs.

Anatomy and motion, the spatial planes, and relation with gravity.

Single and combined movements.

Structure and ultrastructure of connective tissues

- Connective tissues: embriology,structural and ultrastructural array, specific properties and functions realated to daily life and environment.

- Extracellular matrix as a regulator of the individual anatomical shape, vital physiological functions, movement, tissue healing, pathological processes.

- Extracellular matrix components in connective tissues: adaptation and functions related to body movement.

-Structure, ultrastructure and functions of connective tissue proper, with regular and irregular fiber array. Structure, ultrastructure and functons of tendons and ligaments. Tendon crimps and their role in movement. Structure, ultrastructure and functions of cartilage (hyaline, fibrous and elastic) and bone. Role of bone cells in skeletal growth, movement and gravity. Structure, ultrastructure and functions of skeletal muscle tissue and contraction.

Anatomy

-General knowledge of skeleton and bone classification.

-General knowledge and anatomical classification of skeletal joints.

-General knowledge of skeletal muscles. Low and fast skeletal muscle fibers. Functional classification of skeletal muscles: postural tendons and muscles, energy storing tendons and muscles. Agonist and antagonist muscles and group action.

-Morphological and functional classification of tendons. Muscle-tendon unit, tendon-muscle junction and tendon insertion into bone.

-Superficial and deep fasciae. Muscle lodges. Muscle sheaths and movement. Synovial sheaths and bursae.

-Arm and forearm function in movement and walk. Bone of shoulder gilder (scapula-clavicle) and related joint. Humerus. Shoulder joint (glenohumeral). Sternoclavicular joint. Muscles of shoulder region. Scapula movements and extrinsic muscles of chest (position, insertion, force direction and movement).

-Forearm bones (Radio and ulna). Elbow joints (radial humeral, ulnar humerus, proximal radioulnar). Anterior and posterior arm muscles (position, insertion, force direction and movement).

-Hand functions as specific unique functions of human species. Wrist and hand bones. Wrist joints (radio carpal and distal radio ulnar), hand joints. Anterior, posterior and lateral forearm muscles (position, insertion, force direction and movement). Hand muscles (position and movement).

-Spine: cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Sacrum and coccige. Spine joints and movements. Physiological and pathological column curvatures. Structure, ultrastructure and function of the intervertebral disc. Short and long spine ligaments.

-Chest bones. Chest intrinsic muscles and diaphragm (position, insertion, force direction and movement). Bone and joint mechanics in chest and diaphragmatic breathing. Abdomen muscles (position, insertion, force direction and movement). Anterior and posterior spine muscles (position and movement).

-Pelvis: general considerations. Hip bone. Femur. Coxo-femoral joint. Sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis. Pelvis and sacroiliac joint movement during walk. Hip region muscles (position, insertion, force direction and movement).

-Tibia and fibula. Knee joints (patellofemoral, tibiofemoral). Antero-lateral and postero-medial muscles of the thigh (position, insertion, force direction and movement).

-Foot functions as specific unique functions of human species. foot bones. Ankle and foot joints. Anterior, lateral and posterior muscles of the leg (position, insertion, force direction and movement). Foot muscles (position and movement).

-Cerebral skull and splanchnocranium bones: generalities. Temporomandibular joint. Dental occlusion and posture. Malocclusion, physiological and para-physiological mandibular movements, posture changes. Chewing muscles (position, insertion, force direction and movement) and neck muscles (position and movement).

-Perineum muscles (position and movement).

-The walk. Development of primary and secondary physiological curvatures of the spine. General considerations about human evolution and bipedalism.

-Movimenti del piede. Analisi del passo (movimenti delle articolazioni del piede coinvolte). Foot movement and footstep analysis with foot joints involved.

-Occlusion and gait.

Important notes:

-Bone characteristics are fundamental to describe and understand function and movement of joints, as well as to remember origin and insertion of tendons and ligaments. About each skeletal muscle the student must remember the anatomical position, main origin and insertion, as well as direction of the force vector.

-This Course is the first part of Human Anatomy. The student has to have passed this exam before to show up for the exam of the second part (Anatomy of Organs and Nervous System).

 

PART 2 - 4 CFU (Prof. Alessandra Cappellini) ORGANS ANATOMY AND NERVOUS SYSTEM

Introduction to the study of anatomy: introduction to organ systems, organization of body cavities.

Cardiovascular system:

• Anatomy of the heart
• Organization of the circulatory system (small and large circulation)
• Organization of the lymphatic system

Respiratory system:

• Organization and functions of the respiratory system.
• Anatomy of the upper and lower airways.
• Lungs
• Anatomy/organization of the bronchial tree and pulmonary alveoli.

Urinary system:

• Organization and functions of the urinary system
• Micro/macroscopic structure of the kidney, ureters, bladder, urethra.

Digestive system:

• Organization and functions of the digestive system.
• Oral cavity; pharynx; esophagus; stomach; small intestine; large intestine: macroscopic anatomy and microscopic organization of the mucous membranes.
• Glands annexed to the digestive tract: liver and pancreas

Nervous System

Nervous tissue: the neuron, the synapse, the neuroglia.

• Central Nervous System (CNS):
• Brain (cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem)
• Meninges, cerebrospinal fluid and blood-brain barrier.
• Spinal cord
• Sensory pathways
• Motor pathways
• Afferent pathways
• Efferent pathways

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):

• Spinal nerves
• Cranial nerves
• Nerve plexuses
• Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Receptors for general and specific sensitivity

Readings/Bibliography

PART 1 - 6 CFU (Prof. Marco Franchi) ANATOMY APPLIED TO THE MOVEMENT ACTIVITY

Every anatomical text (academic level) may be acceptable.

Please contact the Professor at the first lessons.

Recommended BOOKS:

ANATOMIA UMANA FUNZIONALE

Vercelli A. et al.

Ed. Minerva Medica

ANATOMIA DEL MOVIMENTO UMANO. Struttura e funzioni.

Palastanga N. et al.

Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

Recommended ATLAS:

Netter. Atlante anatomia umana. Scienze motorie e fisioterapia.

FrankH H. Netter

Atlante di Anatomia Umana

M. Battistelli ,G. Carpino, R. Sferra, A. Vetuschi

Ed.ERMES

Anatomia e meccanica dell'apparato motorio e neuro-muscolare per la preparazione atletica.

A.Fucci S., M. Benigni, V. Fornasari.

Ed. EMSI Quarta Edizione

Atlante di Anatomia Umana

Viguè-Martin

Ed. Piccin-Nuova Libreria

Atlante di Anatomia Umana.

H. Frank Netter

Ed.Edra

Atlante di Anatomia Umana

Uno Studio Fotografico del Corpo Umano

Rohen-Yokochi - Drecoll

Ed. Piccin

 

PART 2 - 4 CFU (Prof. Alessandra Cappellini) ORGANS ANATOMY AND NERVOUS SYSTEM

"ANATOMIA UMANA" Martini, Timmons, Tallitsch. Edises

Teaching methods

PART 1 - 6 CFU (Prof. Marco Franchi) ANATOMY APPLIED TO THE MOVEMENT ACTIVITY

Frontal lessons with different anatomical images.

Practise.

Lessons using videos about simulated movements and anatomical dissection.

Periodic discussions to evaluate the student learning.

Assessment methods

PART 1 - 6 CFU (Prof. Marco Franchi) ANATOMY APPLIED TO THE MOVEMENT ACTIVITY

The oral exame includes two or more questions about general subjects. (Example: a skeletal joint with the corresponding bones, ligaments, different intrinsic structures and related movements; a skeletal muscle group with single origins and insertions in relation to the generated movements).

Exam commission is composed by the tenured teacher and Dr. Giuseppe Ciavola.

 

PART 2 - 4 CFU (Prof. Alessandra Cappellini) ORGANS ANATOMY AND NERVOUS SYSTEM

Examination by about 30 closed-ended questions.

It is necessary passing the examination to approach the following optional oral exam.

Teaching tools

PART 1 - 6 CFU (Prof. Marco Franchi) ANATOMY APPLIED TO THE MOVEMENT ACTIVITYAudiovisual materials.

Natural bones. Anatomical plastic models. Images of wax anatomical models and plastinated bodies.

Video about simulated movements and human anatomy dissections.

 

PART 2 - 4 CFU (Prof. Alessandra Cappellini) ORGANS ANATOMY AND NERVOUS SYSTEM

Examination by about 30 closed-ended questions.

It is necessary passing the examination to approach the following optional oral exam.

Office hours

See the website of Marco Franchi

See the website of Alessandra Cappellini