90960 - Osteoarticular radiographic anatomy and odontostomatology

Learning outcomes

The student acquires knowledge of the anatomy and diagnostic methods regarding the musculoskeletal system in conventional radiology and in the field of odontostomatology.

Course contents

The course focuses on the anatomy of the musculoskeletal system and odontostomatological district, with reference to their radiographic representation in the main conventional projections.

Main topics:

• general anatomical terminology;

• anatomical position;

• body planes and axes;

• spatial orientation and anatomical relationships;

• main terms of position, direction and movement;

• general aspects of the locomotor system;

• classification of bones;

• macroscopic structure of bone;

• compact bone, cancellous bone, periosteum, diaphysis, metaphysis and epiphysis;

• general principles of musculoskeletal radiographic anatomy;

• identification of the main anatomical landmarks on radiographic images;

• correlation between anatomical district, radiographic projection and image quality criteria;

• thoracic cage;

• ribs, sternum, clavicles, scapulae and main anatomical relationships;

• shoulder girdle;

• clavicle, scapula, acromioclavicular joint and glenohumeral joint;

• upper limb;

• humerus, elbow, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpus and phalanges;

• main joints of the upper limb;

• spine;

• cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal spine;

• vertebral bodies, posterior arches, pedicles, laminae, spinous and transverse processes;

• zygapophyseal joints and intervertebral spaces;

• pelvis;

• hip bone, ilium, ischium, pubis, acetabulum, sacrum and sacroiliac joints;

• pelvis as a whole and main anatomical reference lines;

• hip joint;

• femoral head and neck, greater and lesser trochanter, acetabulum and articular relationships;

• lower limb;

• femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges;

• main joints of the lower limb;

• knee, ankle and foot;

• general aspects of joints;

• morphological and functional classification of joints;

• synarthroses, amphiarthroses and diarthroses;

• main components of synovial joints;

• articular cartilage, joint capsule, joint cavity, ligaments and menisci;

• elements of radiographic anatomy applied to the main joints;

• odontostomatological system;

• deciduous and permanent teeth;

• basic dental nomenclature;

• crown, root, enamel, dentin, pulp and cementum;

• upper and lower dental arches;

• anatomy of the maxilla;

• maxillary sinus, alveolar process, hard palate and main anatomical relationships;

• anatomy of the mandible;

• body, ramus, angle, condyle, coronoid process, mandibular canal and mental foramen;

• temporomandibular joint;

• mandibular condyle, mandibular fossa, articular tubercle and main anatomical relationships;

• main radiographic projections and images of odontostomatological interest;

• orthopantomography, skull teleradiography, intraoral imaging and study of the temporomandibular joint;

• identification of the main odontostomatological anatomical landmarks on radiographic images;

• selected iconographic examples aimed at understanding musculoskeletal and odontostomatological radiographic anatomy.

Any reference to pathological findings is intended solely for teaching purposes and is used to support anatomical recognition, the understanding of spatial relationships and the correct technical-radiological interpretation of the examined district.

Readings/Bibliography

Recommended textbooks:

• F. H. Martini, M. J. Timmons, R. B. Tallitsch, Anatomia Umana, EdiSES.

• F. Netter, Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Edra.

• F. Mazzuccato, A. Giovagnoni, Manuale di tecnica, metodologia e anatomia radiografica tradizionali, Piccin Editore.

• R. Biondetti, F. Simionato, Anatomia dentaria e fondamenti di gnatologia, Imprimitur.

Additional teaching materials may be provided by the teacher during the course and made available through the Virtuale platform.

Teaching methods

The course consists of lectures supported by presentations, radiographic images, anatomical diagrams and selected iconographic materials.

Teaching will focus on the recognition of the main musculoskeletal and odontostomatological anatomical structures, the understanding of anatomical relationships and the correlation between anatomy, radiographic projection and image quality.

Relevant radiographic images will be used to support visual learning and to help students progressively develop the ability to identify anatomical landmarks, skeletal districts, joints and odontostomatological structures of technical-radiological interest.

Assessment methods

Learning will be assessed through an oral examination consisting of a non-structured interview aimed at verifying the acquisition of the course contents.

The examination will focus on the topics covered during the lectures and may include questions on:

• anatomical terminology, body planes and axes;

• anatomy of the musculoskeletal system;

• anatomy of the main joints;

• identification of the main anatomical landmarks on radiographic images;

• anatomy of the odontostomatological system;

• deciduous and permanent teeth;

• anatomy of the maxilla, mandible and temporomandibular joint;

• correlation between anatomical structure, radiographic projection and image quality.

Assessment will take into account the accuracy of the contents, the ability to use appropriate anatomical terminology, clarity of presentation and the ability to relate anatomical knowledge to the radiographic representation of the different districts.

Students with learning disorders and\or temporary or permanent disabilities: please, contact the office responsible (https://site.unibo.it/studenti-con-disabilita-e-dsa/en/for-students) as soon as possible so that they can propose acceptable adjustments. The request for adaptation must be submitted in advance (15 days before the exam date) to the lecturer, who will assess the appropriateness of the adjustments, taking into account the teaching objectives.

Teaching tools

The following tools will be used:

• video projector;

• computer;

• lecture slides;

• anatomical diagrams;

• relevant radiographic images;

• anatomical and radiographic atlases;

• teaching materials uploaded to the Virtuale platform;

• selected iconographic cases aimed at anatomical recognition.

Teaching materials related to the lectures may be shared through the UniBO Virtuale platform.

Office hours

See the website of Paolo Emilio Orlandi