00498 - Hygiene

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course thestudent has acquired thebasic knowledgeregarding healthand the prevention of illness and isable todeal with anymattersconcerninghygienein the work environment.He is acquainted with the problemsand therelative laws relating to the disposal of waste in thelaboratory.

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PATHOLOGY

At the end of the learning module the student acquires the basic notions requested for the comprehension of the mechanisms of human pathology, with an accent on cellular and organ pathology, immunopathology and oncology. The course will offer insights into the mechanisms of public health.

Course contents

HYGIENE (Prof. F.Zanetti)

1. GENERAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES

General aspects. Reserves and sources of infection. Routes of entry and elimination of infective agents. Direct and indirect transmission of infectious diseases. Ways in which diseases may appear in the population. Natural disinfectants.

Epidemiological model of degenerative diseases.

2. BASIC GENERAL PREVENTION

Aims and methods of prevention. Primary prevention, secondary prevention, tertiary prevention.

3. GENERAL PROPHYLAXIS FOR INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES

Notification of infectious diseases, making diagnosis; quarantine measures.

Disinfection and sterilisation using physical media (heat, ionised radiation, ultraviolet radiation, plasma gas). Disinfection using chemical methods: acids, alkalines, alcohols, aldehydes, halogens, phenolcresolics, oxidants, chlorexidine, quaternary ammonium. Disinfection with chemical media in gaseous state. Some applications of disinfectants. Antiseptics.

Vaccine prophylaxis. Seroprophylaxis. Chemoprophylaxis.

Principal rules of indirect prophylaxis.

4. ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

Factors influencing thermal comfort. Indoor pollution (bacteriological, physical and chemical). Water (requirements, supply sources). Characteristics of waters in relation to their use. Water destined for human consumption: criteria for potability, potabilization systems, legal requirements. Waste waters (removal, treatment, disposal). Solid wastes

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PATHOLOGY (Prof. Luigi Barbieri)

The program and the examination topics have been defined during the last lesson of the course

Concepts of normality and gendre medicine

Homeostasis and bio-compartiments

Body fluids: plasma and serum

Functional reservoir, insufficiency, compense, scompense

Concept of biological damage

Concept of death

Adaptations

Precaution principle

Genetics and ambiental influences

Genetic disease, congenital disease, teratogenesis

Biological effects of low temperatures

Biological effects of radiations

Prions

Asbestosis

Trisomy of chromosome 21

Cellular death: necrosis and apoptosis

Acute inflammation: vascular events

Acute inflammation: cellular events

Acute inflammation: classification

Acute inflammations: chemical mediators

Natural and acquired immunity Immune response

Specificity and affinity of immunological recognition

Antibodies Hypersensitivity: the four types

Autoimmunity: the thyroid paradigm

Neoplasias: definition, malignity, benignity

Oncogenic agents

The model of the adenocarcinoma of the colon: oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes, mutator genes

Natural history of neoplasias: staminal cells, infiltration, metastasis

Death by neoplasia

Senescence

Readings/Bibliography

HYGIENE (Prof.F.Zanetti)

Barbuti S, Fara GM, Giammanco G, Carducci A, Coniglio MA, D'Alessandro D, Montagna MT, Tanzi ML, Zotti CM. Igiene. Monduzzi Editore. 2011

Signorelli C. Igiene, Epidemiologia, Sanità Pubblica. Società Editrice Universo. 2009

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PATHOLOGY (Prof.L.Barbieri)

Free text:

Luigi Barbieri, Enrico Strocchi, Lezioni di Patologia generale, edizione digitale, Rimini, Polo Scientifico Didattico di Rimini, 2011. ISBN 9788897617006 published in <http://amsacta.cib.unibo.it/3067/>http://amsacta.cib.unibo.it/3067/

Reference textbooks

Longo, D.L., Kasper, D.L., Jameson, J.L., Fauci, A.S. (2011) Harrison's principles of internal medicine. XVIII ed. Mc Graw Hill, New York

Kumar, V., Fausto, N, Abbas, A.K., Aster, J. (2009) Robbins and Cotran Pathologic basis of disease. VIII ed. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia

Kumar, V., Abbas, A.K., Aster, J. (2012) Robbins basic pathology. IX ed. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia

Lakhani, S.R., Dilly, S.A., Finlayson, C.J. (2009) Basic pathology. An introduction to the mechanisms of disease. IV ed. Arnold, London

Rubin, R., Stryer, D.S. (2008) Rubin's Pathology: clinicopathological foundations of medicine. V ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia

Stevens, A., Lowe, J., Scott, I. (2009) Core Pathology. III ed. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia

Teaching methods

Frontal lessons

Assessment methods

HYGIENE (Prof. F.Zanetti)
Oral exam

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PATHOLOGY (Prof. L.Barbieri) Written exam with open questions

Teaching tools

Normal teaching devices (video projector. PC. overhead projector)

Office hours

See the website of Franca Zanetti