37589 - Topography and Ph otogrammetry T

Learning outcomes

The course focus basic notion concerning Topography, Cartography, aereal and close range Photogrammetry

Course contents

PRINCIPLES Of the POSITIONING 
 Shape of the earth.  Classic formulation of the relief.  Gravitational field.  equipotential Surfaces .  Geoidal Height.  Geoid.  Ellipsoidal Geometry.  geocentric and ellipsoidal coordinates.  Geoid Undulations. Normal and geodetic sections.   
Reference Frame and reference system and Geodetic Datum.  Main Geodetic Systems (Datum):  Rome 40, ED50, WGS84.  Observable:  angles, distances, height, absolute position and base GPS.    
  
THEORY Of the ERRORS Errors of measure:  accidental, arranged and rough Probabilities to us.  Aleatory phenomena.  Events and they a priori probability and experiences them.  Random variable.  Variable continuous and discreet, mono and bidimensional.  Cumulative function and function probability density.  Confidence Interval and associate probability.  Parameters of one distribution (aspected value and dispersion).  standardized Random variable.  Covariance and coefficient of correlation.  Champion Esteem of average and variance collection of samples.  Criterion of refusal of gives to you.  Propagation of the average and the variance.  Propagation of the variance:  cases linear and not linear, mono and pluridimensionale.  Applications to the relief problems.  RELIEF Italian treedimensional Geodetic Net.  National geodetic nets.  Problem of the organization of the reliefs.  National GPS IGM95 netowrk.  Trigonometrical net of I, II and III order.  Densification Nets.  Planimetric relief.  Reduction of the measures to the reference surface - elementary Outlines of relief:  intersections in ahead, polar (radiation), Relief of detail.  Altimetrico relief.  Trigonometrical Livellazione:  outline, necessary instrumentation, from an end.  Infuence of the Refraction.  Raggiungibili precisions.  Geometric Livellazione:  outline, necessary instrumentation - raggiungibili Precisions Relief GPS. Preparation and planning.  Independent sessions and bases.  Calculation of the bases.  Transformation in the national system   
  
INSTRUMENTS and METHODS OPERATED YOU OF EMPLOYMENT Measure of angles.  Teodoliti.  Constituent parts Put in station - Method of reading of azimuth angles:  rule of Bessel, layers - Reading of zenithal angles them - Teodoliti electronic.  Measure of distances.  Geodimetri.  Principle of operation - fundamental Equation - Precisions orchestrates them, ambient effect - Stations totals.  Measure of unevennesses.  Levels.  Constituent parts.  Level of precision - Stadie invar - Livellazione from means - Precision of one struck and one line.  GPS.  Principle of operation of the system, segments works them.  Structure of marks them.  Errors arranged us of the system.  Receivers.  Observable pseudo range and phase.  PRACTICE Relief GPS:  static bases cinematic Relief and RTK Elaboration give you of the practices

“What is photogrammetry”: the basic mathematical model. Analogy between the classical survey with Total Station and survey with the camera.

The plane transformations: rotation in a plane; the roto-translation with scale variation; the affine transformation; the omografic transformation.

Rotations in space; central projection in space; central projection of a plane; central projection of a straight-line.

The normal case of double-photo restitution.

The Inner Orientation and the calibration procedures.

Terrestrial and aerial cameras; analytical stereoplotters

Planning and execution of a terrestrial photogrammetric survey; flight planning of an aerial photogrammetric survey.

Photogrammetric orientation procedures: separate orientation of the two photographs; common orientation of the two photographs (single and two-steps).

Stereo and mono restitution.

Digital photogrammetry.

Example of photogrammetric surveys.

Readings/Bibliography

For the Topografic parte some notes are Available in the web site of AMS campus unibo (http://campus.cib.unibo.it/)  
The available notes are related to the following subject:
Geodesy, Geodetic system, National Geodetic Network, GPS, Survey Instruments, Observation Theory, Least square Adjustment Theory, Cartography

Concerning the Photogrammetry part:

Kraus K., 1994. Photogrammetry Vol. I, Fundamentals and Standard Processes, with contributions by P. Waldhäusl. Ferd. 4th edition, Dümmler/Bonn, ISBN 3-427-78684-6.

Kraus K., 1997. Photogrammetry Vol. II. Ferd. Dümmlers Verlag Ed., ISBN 3-427-78694-3.

Mikhail E. M., Bethel J.S., McGlone J.C., 2001. Introduction to modern photogrammetry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ISBN 0-471-30924-9.

Schenk T., 1999. Digital Photogrammetry. Terra Science, ISBN 0-9677653-0-7.

Office hours

See the website of Stefano Gandolfi

See the website of Antonio Zanutta