95705 - ELEMENTS OF URBAN SPACE: MEMORY, MYTH, IDENTITY

Learning outcomes

Human events accumulate over time upon a locale, grounding forms characterized by permanence and variability. There emerges the city, at the confluence of nature and artifice. The city stands in its urban facts, made up by architecture and collective memory and kept together by an identitarian mythology of the origins. The urban space is the city’s principal structure: both the platform and product of a regime of social, political, and economic processes, where individual instances negotiate a general order. By the end of the course, the student can: read the urban space system in its parts and their relationships; explain its forms as a function of the societal regimes that produced it and retrace its historical evolution; assess its functional value in the present and its testimonial relevance as part of the cultural heritage of a society; form his/her stance about the opportunity of conserving or transforming the ensemble or its parts in the service of present needs.

Course contents

Course contents:
The course reviews genesis and historic evolution of the city since its simultaneous emergence in different areas of the planet until the present, focusing on the concurrent evolution of the notion of urban space in a global perspective. Basic methodologies of historic analysis of the urban systems availing bibliographic and cartographic sources are presented, favoring the evaluation of testimonial and identitarian value of an urban ensemble and the relative opportunity of conservation or transformation. The general review is accompanied by the illustration of specific cases. In groups and individually, the students are asked to test the proposed methodologies to the analysis of assigned case studies.

Urban Space:
The city has been described as the ‘work of art par excellence’, denoting the most artful and characteristic creation of humankind on Earth. The city, the ubiquitous paradigm of concentrated urbanity, has colonized the planet for millennia through phases of apotheosis and decadence, until the recent crisis brought forth by the geographic expansion of diffuse settlements. Scores of traditional urban systems, either art works, ordinary structures, or obsolescing relics, are disseminated around the world awaiting an uncertain redemption. By ‘urban space’, we refer to the armature of publicly usable portions of space that supports the social interplay.

Memory, Myth, Identity:
A topographic context is populated by eventful occurrences. A set of physical transformations, intentional or occasional, entail recognizable forms consolidating some degree of permanence. A more systematic plan of collective relevance integrates primordial configurations pursuing functional or ideal arrangements of space. By incorporating forms of a certain monumentality, a dull fabric retains material memory and articulates its narrative, that is, a myth linking its origins and its possible future. There emerges collective identity. The historical analysis of the morphological text of a settlement can reconstruct the forces and processes that generated it and, by that, decipher its inherent reasons and legible meanings, as collective aspirations embedded in it.

Approach:
Through lectures, class discussion/debates, and seminar-format sessions, the course offers tools for analyzing over time the forms of the city, its urban-space systems in relation to its social regimes, and evaluating the testimonial and identitarian values in the present to orient future actions.

Readings/Bibliography

Bibliography for attending students:

• K. Lynch (1960) 'The Image of the Environment' + 'The City Image and its Elements', in: The Image of the City, MIT Press, pp. 1-13, 46-49

• P. Eisenman (1982) 'Editor's Introduction', in: Aldo Rossi [1966] The Architecture of the City, MIT Press, pp. 3-11

• R. Koolhaas (1978) 'Prehistory' + 'Definitive Instability...' + 'The Story of the Pool', in: Delirious New York. A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan, Monacelli Press, pp. 13-29, 152-159, 307

• S. Kostof (1999) [Thames and Hudson 1991] 'Introduction' + 'The Evolution of Organic Patterns' + 'The Grid, Preamble', in: The City Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meanings Through History, Bulfinch Press, pp. 8-41, 52-69, 94-103 (borrow online at: https://archive.org/details/cityshapedurbanp0000kost)

• D. Harvey (2012) 'The Right to the City', in: Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution, Verso, pp. 3-25

Additional bibliography for non-attending students:

• S. Kostof (1991) The City Shaped: Urban Patterns and Meanings Through History, Bulfinch Press [full book]

Optional Readings:

• P. Rowe, L. Wang, Z. Chen. (2022) ‘Introduction’ + ‘New Normal and the China Dream’, in: Chinese Modern: Episodes Backward and Forward in Time, Birkhäuser, pp. 8-45, 264-312

• N. Brenner (2019) 'Ch.10 Afterword: New Spaces of Urbanization', in: New Urban Spaces. Urban Theory and the Scale Question, Oxford University Press, pp. 334-394

Teaching methods

The class sessions will take different formats. Regular sessions will be subdivided in two lectures supported by projections, each followed by class discussion/debate. Seminar sessions will be organized according to active and collaborative learning dynamics. Students will work in group or individually on specific activities to then present and discuss the results with the rest of the class. Special sessions will be devoted to site visits of significant urban ensembles (in the absence of circumstantial impediments), others will host invited experts contributing on specific themes.

Short preparatory readings will be assigned to favor critical interaction in seminar sessions. The calendar released at the beginning of the course will report format of sessions and preparatory readings.

Assessment methods

The ability of the student to achieve a coherent and comprehensive understanding of the topics addressed by the course, to critically assess them and to use an appropriate language will be evaluated with the highest grades (A = 27-30 con lode). A predominantly mnemonic acquisition of the course's contents together with gaps and deficiencies in terms of language, critical and/or logical skills will result in grades ranging from good (B = 24-26) to satisfactory (C = 21-23). A low level of knowledge of the course’s contents together with gaps and deficiencies in terms of language, critical and/or logical skills will be considered as ‘barely passing' (D = 18-20) or result in a fail grading (E).

Teaching tools

Projections illustrating written, cartographic, photographic sources, general, additional, and specific bibliographies, digital and printed didactic material.

Students with a form of disability or specific learning disabilities (DSA) who are requesting academic adjustments or compensatory tools are invited to communicate their needs to the teaching staff in order to properly address them and agree on the appropriate measures with the competent bodies.

Office hours

See the website of Roberto Pasini