D0079 - LABORATORIO SULLA SALUTE MENTALE

Learning outcomes

The workshop will provide the tools to navigate the cultures and practices of mental health services in Italy, highlighting the continuities and discontinuities between the historical era of anti-institutional criticism and the current state of mental health services. By the end of the workshop, students will be able to place the concepts and phenomena related to psychiatry and mental health within a conceptual and historical framework. Exposure to real-world experiences and practices of those who use mental health services will deepen their learning.

Course contents

September 16

Anti-institutional psychiatry in Italy: historical contextualization of the mental hospital system and its overthrow in Western countries after World War II; theoretical roots of Basaglia's thought: the contribution of American critical sociology, Franz Fanon's anti-colonial reflection, Sartre's existentialism, Foucault's post-structuralism, Antonio Gramsci, and the internal debate within Italian Marxism in the 1960s and 1970s. The historical development of the anti-institutional movement since 1961, the connections established between the anti-mental hospital movement and the developments of the progressive human sciences of the second half of the twentieth century: various authors and contributions related to the historical context in which anti-institutional critique arose, the events that led to the approval of Law 180 of 1978, and its consequences for modern welfare systems.

Recommended video: "Abel's Gardens," by Sergio Zavoli Recommended video: "The Fable of the Serpent," by Pirkko Peltonen

September 23

Political dimensions of the thought of Franco Basaglia and Franca Ongaro Basaglia; "Madness/Need": the dialectic of medicalization; the role of the territory; the contribution of medical anthropology (Tullio Seppilli) to the public health movement: Giulio Maccacaro's reflections on prevention and participation.

Recommended video: "Giuliano's Center for Social Medicine," from Rai Teche

September 30

Analysis of developments following the approval of Law 180/1078 through the insights of psychiatric epidemiology and public sociology; historical roots of the recovery approach and its adoption as a guiding framework for services within a framework of social and health integration; the impact of anti-institutional thinking on the welfare system and on the practice and epistemology of public services through the socioeconomic changes of the 1980s and 1990s; the concepts of decentralization and participation as drivers of transformation of public services; reflections on local welfare spaces and territories in Italian sociology; generative processes and welfare actors (activation; accountability; empowerment); organizational models of services and their relationship with contexts (people/place, social enterprise, health budget, community); potential emancipatory interventions in mental health services.

Recommended video: "Empty Fortresses," by Gianni Serra

October 7

User Movements and Co-produced Research: The history of the social model of disability and how it interacted with movements related to psychiatry and mental health users: the biopsychosocial model and the independent living movement; Critical Disability Studies and Critical Autism Studies: possible impact on service theories and practices (Radical Social Work and MAD Studies). The emergence of the biopsychosocial model and the impact of corporatization on mental health services; the failed transmission of anti-institutional theory and the research perspectives still open from the perspective of critical psychiatric epidemiology. Richard Warner and the relationship between socioeconomic dynamics and internment: a hypothesis for its actualization through the evolution of the neurodiversity movement and the prospect of universal inclusion.

Recommended film: "Family Life," by Ken Loach

October 14

Associations and family participation in mental health services: institutional failures and civic engagement in the decades following the approval of Law 180/1978; relationships between associations, the third sector, and professional groups: the promotion of "best practices" (for example, the SPDC No Restraint). The introduction of expert users: the practice of self-help and the role of user movements in the contradictions of the recovery paradigm; the potential and risks of the formalization process. Reflections on Experts in Peer Support and Co-production.

October 21

The epidemiological and organizational aspects of a Mental Health Center: the figure of the "complex patient" and its symbolic, cultural, and sociological implications; the various forms of frailty as a common characteristic among different types of users; the variability of treatment trajectories and their outcomes; the evolution of teamwork models and the diverse range of professional skills employed in services.

November 4

The interaction between the health and social sectors in the practice of mental health services: the role of Community Social Services in mental health. Examples of planning with an integrated individualized health budget: personalized planning, the relationship between the public service and managing bodies, and forms and methods of social enterprise. The evolution of the Italian welfare model toward principles of personalization, territoriality, and individual empowerment through co-planning and co-programming practices. Questions and open issues regarding community-based approaches.

November 11

Summary of the workshop and discussion of the topics and experiences covered in previous lessons.

 

Readings/Bibliography

Texts to support the exam (A+B)

A:

1. Massimiliano Minelli, “Salute mentale e territorio”, RIVISTA DELLA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI ANTROPOLOGIA MEDICA; disponibile in https://www.amantropologiamedica.unipg.it/index.php/am

2. Luca Negrogno, Benedetto Saraceno, “Ma come si curano le malattie mentali?”, disponibile in https://www.machina-deriveapprodi.com/blog/categories/freccia-tenda-cammello

3. Franca Olivetti Manoukian, “Produrre Servizi è tutelare diritti”, (messo a disposizione dal docente su Virtuale)

4. Mario Colucci , Pierangelo Di Vittorio, Franco Basaglia, Feltrinelli 2024

B: two texts to choose from the following

1. Valtellina E. "Teorie critiche della disabilità. Uno sguardo politico sulle non conformità fisiche, relazionali, sensoriali, cognitive", Milano, Mimesis, 2024.

2. Luca Negrogno, “Il Budget di Salute in bilico: tra standardizzazione e complessità”, in Autonomie locali e servizi sociali, 1/2024

3. Giulio Alfredo Maccacaro, “Appunti per una epidemiologia psichiatrica”, 1973 (messo a disposizione dal docente su Virtuale)

4. P. Di Vittorio, B. Cavagnero (a cura di), "Dopo la legge 180. Testimoni ed esperienze della salute mentale in Italia", Franco Angeli, Milano, 2019.

5. Luca Negrogno, Bruna Zani, “L’applicazione del Budget di salute a Bologna. Razionalizzazione o creatività?”, in https://www.welforum.it/lapplicazione-del-budget-di-salute-a-bologna-razionalizzazione-o-creativita/

6. Luca Negrogno, “Attualizzare Basaglia”, disponibile in https://www.giustiziainsieme.it/it/cultura-e-societa/3076-attualizzare-basaglia-luca-negrogno-2024

7. AUT AUT > 398/2023 LA PSICHIATRIA E IL FUTURO DELLA SALUTE MENTALE, a cura di Mauro Bertani, Mario Colucci e Pierangelo Di Vittorio

8. Ota de Leonardis, Thomas Emmenegger, “Le istituzioni della contraddizione”, disponibile in https://www.aslcagliari.it/documenti/8_35_20081015131434.pdf

9. Franco Rotelli, "L’Istituzione Inventata", Alphabeta, 2015

10. Paolo Peloso, “Ancora su L'Istituzione negata…perché 50 anni dopo è proprio da lì che dobbiamo ripartire” disponibile in http://www.psychiatryonline.it/node/7445 .

11. Franco Basaglia, "Conferenze Brasiliane", Cortina, 2018.

12. Mario Colucci, “Effetto ‘61”, disponibile in https://www.news-forumsalutementale.it/conoscere-e-sperimentare-per-evolvere/ .

13. Franca Ongaro Basaglia, Una voce scomoda, a cura di Marica Setaro, Alberta Basaglia e Silvia Jop, Il Saggiatore

14. Michel Foucault, Il potere psichiatrico, Feltrinelli, Milano, 2004

15. Anna Carla Valeriano, Contro tutti i muri. La vita e il pensiero di Franca Ongaro Basaglia, Donzelli, Roma, 2022.

16. Pietro Barbetta, “Che cos’è la Salute Mentale” disponibile in https://www.doppiozero.com/che-cosa-e-la-salute-mentale

17. Marica Setaro, “Diario teorico di uno psichiatra. Un profilo di Agostino Pirella”, in Aut Aut, Vol 385: “Agostino Pirella. Il sapere di uno psichiatra”, a cura di Massimo Bucciantini e Mario Colucci, Il Saggiatore, 2020.

18. D. Mauri (a cura di), La libertà è terapeutica?, Feltrinelli, Milano, 1983

19. Franca Ongaro Basaglia, Salute/Malattia, Alphabeta, 2012

20. Ota De Leonardis “Deistituzionalizzazione Un'altra via”

21. Lavinia Bifulco, Tommaso Vitale, “Da strutture a processi: servizi, spazi e territori del welfare locale”, disponibile in https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238111912_Da_strutture_a_processi_servizi_spazi_e_territori_del_welfare_locale

22. Massimiliano Minelli, “Agire in quotidiani “stati d’eccezione”. Forme di vita e biopolitiche in un’etnografia nel campo della salute mentale”, disponibile in https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307727077_Agire_in_quotidiani_stati_d%27eccezione_Forme_di_vita_e_biopolitiche_in_un%27etnografia_nel_campo_della_salute_mentale

23. Davide Caselli, “Deve esserci una finestra che posso aprire senza rimanere accecato”. Reinventare comunità scientifiche allargate, in Millefiorini, Moni, Covid e Azione Pubblica e crisi della contemporaneità

24. Tommaso Losavio, Fare la 180, Edzioni ETS, Pisa, 2021

25. Mozzana, C. (2024). “Forme di solidarietà in pandemia tra logica umanitaria e giustizia sociale”, in L. Bifulco, M. Dodaro (a cura di), Quale welfare dopo la pandemia, il Mulino, Bologna, 2024

26. Luca Negrogno, “Mobilitazioni politiche tra welfare pubblico e lavoro sociale”, disponibile in https://www.rivistaimpresasociale.it/rivista/articolo/mobilitazioni-politiche-tra-welfare-pubblico-e-lavoro-sociale

27. Luca Negrogno, “Movimenti, politica e salute: discorsi e pratiche di salute mentale dentro e fuori dalle istituzioni; alla ricerca delle dimensioni di un’insufficienza”, Prima e Seconda parte, disoinibile in https://effimera.org/movimenti-politica-e-salute-prima-parte-discorsi-e-pratiche-di-salute-mentale-dentro-e-fuori-dalle-istituzioni-di-luca-negrogno/

28. Franco Basaglia, Fare l’impossibile, Donzelli, Roma, 2024

29. Riccardo Ierna, “Dalla psichiatria alla salute mentale. Un’ipotesi di ricerca sul destino del movimento anti-istituzionale italiano”, disponibile in https://www.lavoroculturale.org/dalla-psichiatria-salute-mentale/riccardo-ierna/2014/

30. Luca Negrogno, “Io, Irina e l'istituzione. Un’osservazione etnografica”, in MEDICINA NEI SECOLI ARTE E SCIENZA, 28/2 (2016) 501-536,

31. Luigi Onnis, Giuditta Lo Russo, Dove va la psichiatria, Feltrinelli, Milano, 1980

32. Davide Caselli, Barbara Giullari, Carlotta Mozzana, “Prepared to Care? Knowledge and Welfare in a Time of Emergency”, in Sociologica, 15(3), 107–124, disponibile in https://sociologica.unibo.it/article/view/13600

33. Antonella Guarino, “A Feeling of Safeness and Freedom”: The Promotion of Mental Health Recovery Through Co-Production in an Italian Community Organization”, Community Ment Health J. 2024 Nov;60(8):1452-1463

34. Luca Negrogno, “Dialogo tra i movimenti della psichiatria e della neurodiversità”, 2022, disponibile in https://www.ibridamenti.com/2022/11/18/dialogo-tra-i-movimenti-della-psichiatria-e-della-neurodiversita/

35. Mario Colucci (a cura di), Che cos'è la salute mentale? Genealogie e prospettive critiche, Einaudi 2025

 

If you have difficulty finding the texts indicated, you can contact the teacher Luca Negrogno

Teaching methods

The workshop will balance lectures, audiovisual input, and the presence of experiences and reflections narrated directly by the subjects who interact with the services. Through cooperative learning activities, guided brainstorming, and peer assessment, the theoretical input provided will be complemented by the reflections, questions, and insights of the student group.

Assessment methods

Oral exam to verify suitability

Teaching tools

In the case of subjects with specific needs, it will be possible to agree on concessions and exemptions with the teacher.

Office hours

See the website of Luca Negrogno