37215 - Laboratory of Anatomy (Part 2) (C4)

Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the NEUROANATOMY course, utilizing the knowledge of sectional anatomy acquired, students must be able to:

• Discuss the surgical or endoscopic approaches to the organs of the central and peripheral nervous system

• Recognize the relationships between different normal organs in diagnostic imaging;

• Describe the effects of the main lesions of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as the locations of referred pain.

Course contents

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Organization and development of the central nervous system.

• Spinal cord: external and internal configuration. Roots of the spinal nerves. Organization of the gray matter and white matter.

• Brainstem: medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. External configuration and relationships. Fourth ventricle, cerebral peduncles, tectal plate (lamina quadrigemina), cerebral aqueduct.

• Cerebellum: external and internal configuration, structure and architecture of the cerebellar cortex.

• Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus. Third ventricle.

• Telencephalon (Cerebrum): general conformation. Sulci and fissures, lobes, gyri, cortex, cerebral areas. Lateral ventricles. Subcortical nuclei (basal ganglia) and white matter organization. Main commissural pathways of the telencephalon. Limbic system.

• Spinal and cranial meninges: dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater, chorioid telae and plexuses, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

• Vascularization of the neuraxis: blood supply to the spinal cord and brain. Internal carotid artery. Vertebro-basilar system. Circle of Willis. Cerebral arteries. Dural venous sinuses.

• Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic system and related plexuses. Cranial and sacral parasympathetic system.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Spinal nerves, cranial nerves, and main nerve plexuses.

• Special sensory organs: visual system (apparatus of vision), auditory system (apparatus of hearing).

  
  

Readings/Bibliography

Netter F., Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Edra

Netter F. Atlante interattivo di Anatomia Umana, Edra

Young B. et al., Wheater Istologia ed Anatomia microscopica, Edra

Teaching methods

Lectures with extensive use of images, such as to facilitate the acquisition of fundamental anatomical basis through the stimulation of visual memory. The course is divided into a series of lectures which are accompanied by practical exercises.The teachers will conduct workshops dissection of corpses virtual and real.

In consideration of the types of activities and teaching methods adopted, the attendance of this training activity requires all students of Modules 1 and 2 to carry out e-learning [https://www.unibo.it/it/servizi- e-opportunities / health-and-assistance / health-and-safety / safety-and-health-in-places-of-study-and-training] and participation in Module 3 specific training on safety and health in places of study. Information on dates and methods of attendance of Module 3 can be consulted in the specific section of the degree program website. "

Assessment methods

The final assessment consists of an oral exam in which students, using available models and the Anatomage virtual dissection table, must demonstrate their acquired knowledge of neuroanatomy. The final grade takes into account the outcome of the History of Medicine exam.

Grading Scale:

• 18–19: Knowledge limited to a very small number of topics covered in the course; analytical skills emerge only with the instructor's assistance; overall correct use of language.

• 20–24: Knowledge limited to a small number of topics covered in the course; independent analytical skills restricted to purely mechanical or basic issues; correct use of language.

• 25–29: Comprehensive knowledge of a wide range of topics covered in the course; ability to make independent analytical and critical judgments; mastery of specific terminology.

• 30–30L: Exhaustive knowledge of the topics covered in the course; ability to make independent analytical and critical judgments and to connect different topics; full mastery of specific terminology, along with strong argumentation and self-reflection skills.

Teaching tools

Personal computer, video projector, overhead projector. The course consists of a series of lectures accompanied by practical training sessions utilizing the ANATOMAGE virtual dissection table, held in the Macroscopic Anatomy Room at the Forlì campus.

Office hours

See the website of Irene Faenza