37215 - Laboratory of Anatomy (Part 2) (C1)

Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the Anatomy 2 Laboratory, students—working directly with donor bodies—must be able to describe the morphology, anatomical relationships, and variants of the central nervous system, as well as the course of the peripheral nervous system

Course contents

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Organization and development of the central nervous system.

Spinal cord: external and internal configuration. Spinal nerve roots. Organization of the gray substance and of the white substance.
Brain Stem: bulb, pons, midbrain. External configuration and reports. Fourth ventricle, brainstem, quadrigeminal plate, mesencephalic aqueduct.
Cerebellum: external and internal configuration, structure and architecture cerebellar cortex.
Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus. III ventricle.
Telencephalon: general conformation. Fissures, lobes, gyri, cortex, brain areas. Lateral ventricles. Subcortical nuclei and organization of the white substance. Main commissural systems of the telencephalon. Limbic system.
Encephalic and spinal meninges: dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater, canvas and choroid plexus, the cerebrospinal fluid.
Vascularization of the neuraxis: vascularization of the spinal cord and brain. Internal carotid artery. Vertebrobasilar system. Circle of Willis. Cerebral arteries. Venous sinuses of dura mater. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic nervous system and related complexes. Brainstem and sacral parasympathetic system.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Spinal nerves, brain nerves and cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral plexuses

Specific sensitivity apparatus: sight apparatus and hearing apparatus

Readings/Bibliography

Netter F., Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Edra

Netter F. Atlante interattivo di Anatomia Umana, dra
Rohen-Yokochi, Atlante fotografico di Anatomia descrittiva e topografica, Piccin

Atlante di Anatomia, Prometheus, EdiSes

Young B. et al., Wheater Istologia ed Anatomia microscopica, Edra

Teaching methods

Exercises with extensive use of images, such as to facilitate the acquisition of fundamental anatomical basis through the stimulation of visual memory.

The exercises of Macroscopic Anatomy are held at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital - Forlì. Students, divided into small groups, will use the virtual anatomical table "Anatomage".

The Teachers of the Course, after having detailed the microscopic characteristics of the individual organs, guide the students, divided into small groups, to the observation of the preparations with the optical microscope.

At the end of the Cours, the teachers will conduct workshops dissection of corpses to the Sala Settoria, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna.

Assessment methods

For access to the oral exam, you need to pass a test in multiple choice questions.

The final verification consists of an oral exam in which the student must demonstrate acquired knowledge of systematic and topographical anatomy of the various organs and neuroanatomy. It is also provided the recognition of a microscopic slide through a microscope.

The grade will be graduated from 18/30 to 30/30. The minimum grade can be achieved by a non-thorough knowledge of anatomy, between 18 and 25 for a fair knowledge, between 26 and 29 for a good knowledge. 30 represents excellent knowledge and “cum laude” is added in case of more than excellent knowledge.

Teaching tools

In the field of Macroscopic Anatomy, students have at their disposal human bones, plastic models of joints, limbs and splanchnic organs, animal organs to be dissected under the guidance of the Course Teachers. It is also supported by the virtual anatomical table Anatomage Table.

They also make use of interactive CDs of sectoral anatomy and of the locomotor system, as well as images of coronarographic pictures and sections (CT and RM) of the trunk and limbs.

In the field of Microscopic Anatomy, students have microscope slides and optical microscopes at their disposal.

The microscopic preparations are visible on the Virtual Microscopy website (http://virtualmicroscopy.patologia-sperimentale.unibo.it).

Office hours

See the website of Sara Salucci