37199 - Laboratory of Anatomy (Part 1) (AK B)

Learning outcomes

By the end of the Anatomy 1 practical course, students, having directly observed donor bodies, must be able to identify the skeletal muscle groups of the trunk and limbs and describe the shape, relationships and anatomical variations of the organs within the thoracic cavity. By examining microscopic slides of the various organs of the cardiovascular, respiratory and lymphatic systems under an optical microscope, students must be able to recognise and describe them.

Course contents

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

General information on bones, joints and muscles, with reference to their embryological development.

Description of the various bone segments and the ways in which they articulate with one another.

Spinal column:

• morphology of the vertebrae in the various segments of the spine;
• intervertebral, atlanto-occipital and atlanto-epistrophic joints;
• oranisation of the paravertebral muscles.

Thoracic cage:

• morphology of the bones;
• costo-sternal and costo-vertebral joints;
• muscles of the thorax and diaphragm.

Pectoral girdle and upper limb:

• morphology of the bones;
• sternoclavicular, coracoclavicular, scapulohumeral, elbow, distal radioulnar and radiocarpal joints;
• muscles of the shoulder, arm and forearm; axillary fossa;
• topography of blood vessels in relation to the muscles of the limbs, with interpretation of radiological images.

Pelvic girdle and lower limb:

• morphology of the bones;
• sacroiliac, hip (coxofemoral) and knee joints; tibiotarsal joint;
• muscles of the hip, thigh and leg;
• Scarpa’s triangle and popliteal fossa;
• topography of blood vessels in relation to the muscles of the limbs, with interpretation of radiological images.

Skull:

• morphology of the bones of the splancnocranium and neurocranium;
• anterior, middle, posterior, temporal, infratemporal and pterygopalatine cranial fossae;
• temporomandibular joint;
• masticatory muscles.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Heart:

• topography and surface anatomy;
• pericardium;
• internal structure, fibrous framework and valvular systems;
• vascularisation: coronary circulation; innervation and organogenesis.

Organisation of blood vessels:

• course of the aorta and its main collateral branches;
• course of the vena cavae and the azygos vein system;
• an overview of the radiological anatomy of the vascular system.

Lymphatic system:

• Organisation of the lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct and main lymphatic vessels.
• Lymphoid and haematopoietic organs:
• microscopic anatomy of: thymus, spleen, lymph nodes.

 

 

Readings/Bibliography

Independent study requires the compulsory use of a textbook and an atlas.

Anatomy textbooks:

- Anatomia del Gray , 41° ed (2 volumi), Edra

- Anastasi G. et al., Anatomia Umana (3vol), Edi Ermes

Atlanti di Anatomia:

- Netter F., Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Edra

Cocco L. e Manzoli L. Guida alla lettura dell'Atlante di Anatomia Umana di F. Netter, Edra

- Atlante di Anatomia, Prometheus , EdiSes

- Rohen-Yokochi, Atlante fotografico di Anatomia descrittiva e topografica, Piccin

- Kamina, Atlante di Anatomia, Piccin

Testi di Anatomia microscopica:

- Young B. et al., Wheater Istologia ed Anatomia microscopica, Edra

Teaching methods

The course consists of a series of lectures accompanied by practical sessions.

The practical sessions take place:

- in the macroscopic anatomy laboratory, using human bones, plastic models and pig organs for dissection;

- in the microscopic anatomy laboratory, using microscopic specimens of the lymphatic system, the respiratory system and the digestive system;

- in the dissection theatre on cadavers prepared by the lecturers. Three practical sessions are scheduled: 1) study of the thorax and the organs it contains; 2) study of the head and neck region and the anterior abdominal wall; 3) study of the abdominal cavity and the organs it contains.

Health and safety training for activities in biological, chemical, mechanical and similar laboratories

In view of the types of activities and teaching methods adopted, attendance at this training programme requires the student body (including incoming international students, e.g. ERASMUS) to complete the general training course (Module 1) and the high-risk training course (Module 3) via e-learning, available on the following page:

Students – General and Specific Training [https://site.unibo.it/tutela-promozione-salute-sicurezza/it/corsi-di-formazione/formazione-obbligatoria-su-sicurezza-e-salute-per-svolgimento-di-tirocinio-tesi-laboratorio]

Assessment methods

The final assessment consists of an oral examination in which the student, using plastic models and osteological specimens, must demonstrate their acquired knowledge of systematic and topographical anatomy of the various anatomical regions, including an overview of radiological correlations.

Students are also required to identify a microscopic specimen.

Grading of the final mark for Anatomy:

• Sufficient knowledge of the topics covered in the course but limited ability to express oneself, which sometimes only becomes apparent with the lecturer’s assistance: mark between 18 and 24;

• Satisfactory knowledge of the topics covered in the course, good ability to express oneself and good command of specific terminology: mark between 25 and 28;

• Comprehensive knowledge of the topics covered in the course, excellent ability to express ideas, full command of the specific terminology and the ability to present a coherent argument: mark between 29–30–30L.

Teaching tools

The teaching materials are available on the teaching support platform – Virtuale.

 

The microscopic anatomy slides can be viewed on the Virtual Microscopy website (http://virtualmicroscopy.patologia-sperimentale.unibo.it).

Office hours

See the website of Lucia Manzoli