37198 - Anatomy (Part 1) (LZ)

Learning outcomes

Upon completion of the Anatomy 1 course, students – taking into account the temporal dimension from organogenesis through somatic growth to the ageing of the individual – will be able to: - describe the macroscopic, topographical and microscopic anatomy of the musculoskeletal system, including the course of the peripheral nerves, and of the cardiovascular, respiratory and lymphatic systems; - navigate the sectional anatomy of the thoracic viscera; - identify and diagnose organs from microscopic specimens of the various organs of the cardiovascular, respiratory and lymphatic systems. Thanks to their knowledge of regional anatomy, students should be able to: - discuss the surgical or endoscopic approaches to the organs of the thoracic cavity; - recognise the relationships between the various normal organs in diagnostic imaging.

Course contents

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

General information on bones, joints and muscles, with reference to their embryological development.

Description of the various bone segments and the ways in which they articulate with one another.

Spinal column:

• morphology of the vertebrae in the various segments of the spine;
• intervertebral, atlanto-occipital and atlanto-epistrophic joints;
• organisation of the paravertebral muscles.

Thoracic cage:

• morphology of the bones;
• costo-sternal and costo-vertebral joints;
• muscles of the thorax and diaphragm.

Pectoral girdle and upper limb:

• morphology of the bones;
• sternoclavicular, coracoclavicular, scapulohumeral, elbow, distal radioulnar and radiocarpal joints;
• muscles of the shoulder, arm and forearm; axillary fossa;
• topography of blood vessels in relation to the muscles of the limbs, with interpretation of radiological images.

Pelvic girdle and lower limb:

• morphology of the bones;
• sacroiliac, hip (coxofemoral) and knee joints; tibiotarsal joint;
• muscles of the hip, thigh and leg;
• Scarpa’s triangle and popliteal fossa;
• topography of blood vessels  in relation to the muscles of the limbs, with interpretation of radiological images.

Skull:

• morphology of the bones of the splancnocranium and neurocranium;
• anterior, middle, posterior, temporal, infratemporal and pterygopalatine cranial fossae;
• temporomandibular joint;
• masticatory muscles.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Heart:

• topography and surface anatomy;
• pericardium;
• internal structure, fibrous framework and valvular systems;
• vascularisation: coronary circulation; innervation and organogenesis.

Organisation of blood vessels:

• course of the aorta and its main collateral branches;
• course of the vena cavae and the azygos vein system;
• an overview of the radiological anatomy of the vascular system.

Lymphatic system:

• Organisation of lymphatic vessels, the thoracic duct and the main lymphatic vessels.
• Lymphoid and haematopoietic organs:
• microscopic anatomy of: thymus, spleen, lymph nodes.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Upper airways:

• topography, systematic anatomy, vascularisation and innervation.

Larynx:

• topography and relationships;
• cartilaginous skeleton;
• extrinsic and intrinsic muscles;
• vascularisation and innervation

Lungs:

• topographical and macroscopic anatomy;
• bronchial tree and pulmonary segments;
• functional circulation and nutritive circulation;
• innervation;
• pleural serosa and pleural cavities;

Microscopic anatomy of the respiratory system

Readings/Bibliography

Self-study requires the compulsory use of a textbook and an atlas.

Anatomy Textbooks:

- Gray’s Anatomy, 41st ed. (2 volumes), Edra

- Anastasi G. et al., Human Anatomy (3 vols), Edi Ermes

Anatomy Atlases:

- Netter F., Atlas of Human Anatomy, Edra

Cocco L. and Manzoli L., Guide to Reading F. Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy, Edra

- Atlas of Anatomy, Prometheus, EdiSes

- Rohen-Yokochi, Photographic Atlas of Descriptive and Topographical Anatomy, Piccin

- Kamina, Atlas of Anatomy, Piccin

Microscopic Anatomy Texts:

- Young B. et al., Wheater’s Histology and Microscopic Anatomy, Edra

Teaching methods

The course consists of a series of lectures accompanied by practical sessions.
The practical sessions take place:
- in the macroscopic anatomy laboratory, using human bones, plastic models and pig organs for dissection;
- in the microscopic anatomy laboratory, using microscopic specimens of the lymphatic system and the respiratory system;
- in the dissection theatre on cadavers prepared by the lecturers. Two practical sessions are scheduled: 1. study of the musculoskeletal system with particular reference to the nerve plexuses; 2. study of the thorax and the organs it contains.


“In view of the types of activities and teaching methods adopted, attendance at this training course requires the student body (including incoming international students, e.g. ERASMUS) to complete the general training course (Module 1) and the high-risk training course (Module 3) via e-learning, available on the following page:


Students – General and Specific Training [https://site.unibo.it/tutela-promozione-salute-sicurezza/it/corsi-di-formazione/formazione-obbligatoria-su-sicurezza-e-salute-per-svolgimento-di-tirocinio-tesi-laboratorio]

Assessment methods

Learning will be assessed through an oral examination.

Grading scale for the final mark in Anatomy 1:

- Sufficient knowledge of the topics covered in the course but limited ability to express oneself, which is sometimes only evident with the lecturer’s assistance: mark between 18 and 24

- Satisfactory knowledge of the topics covered in the course, good ability to express oneself and good command of specific terminology: mark between 25 and 28

- Comprehensive knowledge of the topics covered in the course, excellent ability to express oneself, full command of specific terminology and the ability to present a coherent argument: mark between 29 and 30L.

The final mark takes into account the result of the History of Medicine examination.

Teaching tools

The teaching materials are available on the teaching support platform – Virtuale.

 

The microscopic anatomy slides can be viewed on the Virtual Microscopy website (http://virtualmicroscopy.patologia-sperimentale.unibo.it).

Office hours

See the website of Lucia Manzoli

See the website of Anna Maria Billi