B2227 - Microbial Sensing, Signalling and Interactions

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, the student has knowledge on molecular, functional, and “omic” aspects regarding microbial activity and interactions in human and environmental health. In particular, the student is able to: i) understand the mechanisms underlying bacterial cell signaling and the interactions between microorganisms and between microorganisms and their environment; ii) understand bacterial communication, biofilm formation and signal transduction.

Course contents

The course covers the molecular, cellular, and multi-omics aspects of microbial communication and interactions, addressing both theoretical concepts and the main experimental methodologies used in the field. Particular attention will be devoted to the study of interactions within microbial communities, their structure and dynamics, and the application of multi-omics approaches to investigate relationships among microorganisms. These topics will be developed throughout the course and integrated into the different subjects covered.

1. Bacterial cell-to-cell communication (Quorum Sensing)

• Principles and molecular components of quorum sensing.
• Signalling molecules and regulatory systems.
• Role of quorum sensing in microbial pathogenicity.
• Quorum sensing and horizontal gene transfer.
• Involvement of quorum sensing in stress responses and host–microbe interactions.
• Biotechnological and synthetic biology applications based on quorum sensing-dependent genetic circuits in bacterial strains and microbial communities.

2. Microbial biofilms

• Distribution and diversity of biofilms in natural and anthropogenic environments.
• Mechanisms of biofilm formation, development, and persistence.
• Physiology and metabolism of biofilm-associated cells.
• Relationships between quorum sensing and biofilm formation.
• Resistance and tolerance to antimicrobial agents.
• In vitro models and systems for biofilm studies.
• Medical, industrial, and environmental relevance of biofilms.

3. Bacterial second messengers

• Principles of intracellular signalling mediated by nucleotide-based second messengers.
• Enzymes and molecular components involved in signal synthesis, degradation, and perception.
• Role of second messengers in the regulation of cellular functions.
• Involvement in biofilm formation, environmental adaptation, and microbial interactions.

Throughout the course, case studies and scientific articles will be discussed and critically analysed.

Readings/Bibliography

Required material for exam preparation

• Lecture slides and teaching material provided by the instructor.
• Scientific articles and review papers assigned during the course and made available through the institutional platform.

Recommended reading

• Review papers and additional scientific articles on the topics covered during the course.
• Supplementary teaching material provided by the instructor.

Teaching methods

The course is delivered through:

• lectures supported by multimedia presentations;
• guided discussion of recent scientific articles;
• analysis of case studies involving microorganisms of clinical, environmental, and industrial relevance;
• group activities aimed at the critical interpretation of scientific literature;
• student oral presentations.

Teaching activities are designed to promote both theoretical knowledge and the development of critical thinking, scientific data interpretation, and scientific communication skills.

Students are entitled to refuse the registration of a positive grade once, in accordance with the University Teaching Regulations (Art. 16, paragraph 5).

Students with Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) or temporary/permanent disabilities are encouraged to contact the relevant University Office (https://site.unibo.it/studenti-con-disabilita-e-dsa/it ) well in advance. The Office will propose any necessary accommodations, which must be submitted to the instructor for approval at least 15 days before the examination date. The instructor will evaluate the appropriateness of the requested accommodations in relation to the learning objectives of the course.

Students with officially recognized “working student” status should refer to the dedicated University webpage (https://www.unibo.it/it/studiare/guida-alla-scelta-del-corso/conciliare-studio-e-lavoro ) for information on eligibility requirements and available support measures.

Assessment methods

Assessment is aimed at evaluating:

• knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms covered during the course;
• ability to interpret data and results obtained through genetic and multi-omics approaches;
• ability to critically analyse scientific literature;
• ability to use appropriate scientific terminology.

Attending students may choose between the following assessment options.

Option A (1st exam session)

Oral presentation (20% of the final grade)

Students will present a project based on the integrated analysis of 2–3 scientific articles related to the topics covered in the course.

The presentation will assess:

• ability to understand and synthesize scientific literature;
• ability to connect findings from different studies;
• clarity of presentation and appropriate use of scientific terminology.

Written examination (80% of the final grade)

The written examination consists of 8 open-ended questions covering both theoretical and methodological aspects addressed during the course.

Answers should be concise (maximum 10–12 lines per question).

Option B (all the other exam sessions)

Written examination (100% of the final grade)

The written examination consists of 12 open-ended questions covering both theoretical and methodological aspects addressed during the course.

Answers should be concise (maximum 10–12 lines per question).

Assessment criteria

Evaluation will be based on:

• accuracy and completeness of acquired knowledge;
• ability to connect concepts from different course topics;
• critical interpretation of methodologies and experimental results;
• appropriate use of scientific language;
• clarity of argumentation and discussion.

Indicatively:

• 18–21: basic knowledge and understanding of fundamental concepts;
• 22–25: good knowledge of the topics and ability to apply acquired concepts;
• 26–29: thorough knowledge, integration of concepts, and critical analysis skills;
• 30–30 cum laude: comprehensive mastery of the subjects covered, outstanding critical thinking, and ability to establish connections among different topics.

The use of textbooks, notes, or electronic devices is not permitted during the written examination. With regard to assessment, the use of AI is prohibited. Any use of AI constitutes a violation of academic integrity.

Teaching tools

The course makes use of:

• PowerPoint presentations made available by the instructor;
• selected scientific articles and review papers;
• supplementary teaching materials;
• open-source videos supporting specific course topics, when appropriate;
• institutional online platforms for the distribution of teaching materials.

All materials are selected to support independent learning and to promote accessibility of course content for all students.

Links to further information

https://site.unibo.it/molecular-environmental-microbiology-lab/it/teaching

Office hours

See the website of Martina Cappelletti