31866 - Extraction of Phyto-derivatives II

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, the students acquire the theoretical preparation for the development of up-to-date and innovative strategies for extracting pure phytochemicals. The student is able to assess the quality of herbal products through laboratory activities.

Course contents

PROGRAM OF LESSONS

Extraction techniques:

Phytocomplex and Phytoderivatives. Extraction procedures and types of extracts, solvents and vegetal matrices.

Classical techniques:

Solid-liquid extraction. Solid phase extraction.

Distillation techniques: Simple distillation. Steam distillation. Fractional distillation at atmospheric and reduced pressure. Molecular distillation.

Modern techniques:

Rapid Solid-Liquid Dynamic Extraction (RSLDE, Naviglio Estrattore).

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE, PHWE). Ionic liquid-assisted extraction (ILAE). Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE).

Sustainable extraction of phytochemicals, nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds from biomass and waste.

Isolation and Purification techniques: 

Sublimation. Crystallization. Chromatography.

Identification and characterization techniques:

Thin layer chromatography (TLC), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, IR infrared spectroscopy, melting point, NMR.

 

PROGRAM OF THE LABORATORY ACTIVITIES

-Extraction of alkaloids from Piper nigrum (fructis)

 -Extraction of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng

 -Steam distillation of eugenol contained in Eugenia caryophyllata and of cinnamaldehyde in Cinnamomum zeylanicum

 -Sustainable extraction of lycopene from tomato waste

-Extraction of chlorophyll from the leaves of Spinacea oleracea

-Extraction of xanthine alkaloids from the leaves of Camelia sinensis

-Extraction of curcumin from root of Curcuma longa

-MAE of essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllatae

-Purification of terpenes: camphor from aerial parts of Cinnamomum camphora

-Ionic liquid-based extraction of Piper nigrum's essential oil

Readings/Bibliography

1) R. M. Roberts, J.C. Gilbert, S. F. Martin. Chimica Organica Sperimentale. Zanichelli, Bologna 2003

2) P.M. Dewick. Chimica, Biosintesi E Bioattivita' Delle Sostanze Naturali. Piccin, Padova 2000

3) S. D. Sarker, N. Lutfun. Natural Products Extraction and Isolation. Wiley & Sons Ltd 2026

4) J. Prado, M. Rostagno. Natural Product Extraction: Principles and Applications. Royal Society of Chemistry 2022

5) Slides and lecture notes, selected references will be provided during lessons

Teaching methods

The course consists of 24 h lectures, wherein the main extraction and purification techniques and methodologies applied to the different classes of phytoderivatives are discussed.

The course will also include 36 h laboratory activities. There will be single seat laboratory activities, aimed at providing to each student the opportunity to apply the different extraction/purification methods of herbal drugs (outlined in theoretical form during lectures), by firsthand using the required techniques and methodologies.

The attendance of laboratory activities is mandatory and will be monitored by daily signature collection

Considering the activities and teaching methods adopted in this course, attending it requires the students to have already completed modules 1 and 2 (in e-learning mode at this web address [https://elearning-sicurezza.unibo.it/?lang=en], as well as module 3 (in person) of the specific "Health and Safety in places of study" course. An updated schedule and the manner of attending module 3 are available in the corresponding section of the Graduation Programme webpage [https://corsi.unibo.it/laurea/ScienzeFarmaceutiche/corsi-formazione-sicurezza].

Assessment methods

The exam will consist in an oral discussion aimed at assessing students' understanding of the subjects presented during lessons, involving the presentiation of a laboratory experience among those developed during laboratory activities, followed by two questions on general topics. The student must prepare the laboratory notebook, which has to be sent by e-mail to the teacher at least 3 days before taking the oral exam. The evaluation of the lab notebook contributes to the final grade.

The exam will be administered in person, except in the case of local health/flooding conditions, risk areas as per the new regulations, and/or the student's vulnerability (assessment will be carried out by the DSA service). Cases will be assessed individually and, if they meet the requirements, may be taken via the TEAMS platform.

Regarding learning assessments, the use of AI is prohibited. Any use constitutes a violation of academic integrity.

Students with learning disabilities (LD) or temporary or permanent disabilities: please contact the relevant University Office (https://site.unibo.it/studenti-con-disabilita-e-dsa/en) promptly. They will be responsible for suggesting any accommodations to the students concerned, which must be submitted to the instructor for approval at least 15 days in advance, who will evaluate the appropriateness of the accommodations, also taking into account the educational objectives of the course.

Teaching tools

Videoprojector, pc, laboratory for practical exercises.

Teaching properly uploaded on Virtuale

Office hours

See the website of Filippo Basagni