B8781 - PATOLOGIA GENERALE

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, the student knows the basic pathological processes of the cell and tissues with special reference to molecular-based pathogenetic mechanisms and etiology in degenerative, necrotic, inflammatory, circulatory disorders, and neoplastic processes, all integrated on animal biology; can recognize and describe a lesion, to distinguish normal from pathological tissues under the light microscope.

Course contents

Upon completion of the course, the student:

Knows the basic pathological processes of the cell and tissues with special reference to molecular-based pathogenetic mechanisms and etiology in degenerative, necrotic, inflammatory, circulatory disorders, and neoplastic processes, all integrated on animal biology.

The student can recognize and describe a lesion and distinguish normal from pathological tissues under the light microscope.

 

The program is structured as follows:

Theoretical lectures:

-General veterinary pathology (18 hours).

- Presentation of the course: educational objectives and expected outcomes. Study materials. Examination modalities. Acute cell damage, atrophy and cell degeneration (3 hours).

- Connective degenerations (2 hours).

- Types of cell death (4 hours).

- Acute and chronic inflammation (4 hours).

- Injury regeneration and repair (1).

- Hypersensitivity of I, II, III, and IV types and transplantation (4 hours).

-Molecular oncogenesis (14 hours).

- Definition of tumor, classification of tumors, differences between benign and malignant tumors, local invasion, pathways of metastatic spread (2 hours)

- Molecular bases of tumors (6 hours)

- Chemical carcinogens, from radiation, from microorganisms (4 hours).

- Clinical features of tumors: effects of tumors on the host grade and stage of tumors, laboratory diagnosis of tumors (2 hours).

laboratory exercises with light microscope and slides and in the classroom with digitized slides and group work (32 hours)

The verbalizing teacher is Prof. Brunetti.

The syllabus in detail (Syllabus) is available on the course website.

Non-attending students are advised to study the same topics in the recommended texts

Readings/Bibliography

Material done in the classroom by the lecturer: available on Virtual (https://virtuale.unibo.it). (Necessary and not sufficient on its own, it is to be supplemented with what is explained in lecture).

Part of General Pathology and Molecular Oncogenesis

Texts required if you have not attended class):

o Kumar V., Abbas A.K., Aster J.C. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic basis of disease, 10th ed, 2020 (Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia).

o Stevens A., Lowe J.S., Young B.: Wheater Essential Histopathology - Atlas Text. 3rd Edition, 2004 (Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milan, Italy)

o Zachary J.F. McGavin M.D.: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease,6th ed, 2016 (Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA).

Teaching methods

There are 32 hours of frontal lectures and 32 hours of practical activities.

The frontal lectures are conducted in the classroom with the help of a computer and video projector; an image database (Noas'h arkive) will also be used, which allows viewing of both macroscopic and microscopic images of the presented lesions. Numerous videos found on youtube on the topics covered are also viewed; the videos are in English, so in addition to strengthening visual memory thanks to the animations, English language learning is practiced.

The hands-on classes will be held in a classroom equipped with optical microscopes and a microscope connected to a video camera and projector, allowing for an interactive explanation of the provided slides. For each slide, the student has at their disposal a sheet with a description of the preparation and the lecturer for any necessary explanations. In addition, a website is available to the student: https://unibo.smartzoom.com/s1241/login?redirect_to=https://unibo.smartzoom.com/s1241/ where the lecturer uploads the scanned slides used during the microscope exercises, and the student, with their unibo credentials, can view the scans at any time.

Given the types of activities and teaching methods adopted, attendance at this training activity requires all students to complete modules 1 and 2 in e-learning mode and to participate in module 3 of specific training on safety and health in the workplace. Directions on dates and mode of attendance for Module 3 can be found in the appropriate section of the course study website. Individual protective equipment is not required for access to the teaching laboratory.

The purpose of the practical classes is twofold:

- To familiarize the student with the light microscope - acquisition of professionalizing skills;

- To develop the ability to recognize specific organs and lesions, using correct language for histological description - acquisition of diagnostic and communication skills

Assessment methods

The learning verification consists of a practical test and an oral test. The practical test consists of slide recognition (whether normal or pathological tissue). The practical test must be passed before accessing the oral test. The oral test consists of a minimum of 3 theoretical questions with an oral response. The exam lasts approximately 30 minutes. Attending class and interacting with the lecturer promotes learning of what is explained. There are no papers due. The examination involves a grade of 18 to 30L.

To be promoted, it is necessary to have passed the practical test first and then answer all three questions sufficiently or answer two out of three questions excellently.

Grading of final grade:

- Preparation on a minimal number of topics covered in the course and analytical skills emerging only with the help of the lecturer, expression in overall correct language → 18-22;

- Preparation on a limited number of topics covered in the course and ability to analyze independently only on purely executive issues, expression in correct language → 23-26;

- Preparation on a large number of topics covered in the course, ability to make independent choices of critical analysis, mastery of specific terminology → 27-29;

- Substantially comprehensive preparation on the topics covered in the course, ability to make independent choices of critical analysis and linking, full command of specific terminology, and ability to argue and self-reflect → 30-30L.

The evaluation of the oral test is announced at the end of the interview. The test is considered passed with a minimum score of 18 out of 30.

A negative evaluation does not result in a grade, but only in a judgment (withdrawn or rejected) shown on the electronic record compiled on AlmaEsami, so it does not affect the student's career.

Individual test grades and the final exam grade will be communicated to the student at the end of the practical test and the oral test.

The student may decline the grade by notifying the verbalizing teacher after being notified at the end of the exam.

The verbalizing teacher for this Course is Prof. Brunetti

Students can register for exams through the AlmaEsami platform (http://almaesami.unibo.it/ ). Exams are scheduled during the designated periods in the academic calendar. Additional sessions are available for students beyond the standard program duration.

Students with learning disorders and/or temporary or permanent disabilities: please, contact the office responsible (https://site.unibo.it/studenti-con-disabilita-e-dsa/en/for-students ) as soon as possible so that they can propose acceptable adjustments. The request for adaptation must be submitted in advance (15 days before the exam date) to the lecturer, who will assess the appropriateness of the adjustments, taking into account the teaching objectives.

Teaching tools

PC, video projector connected to a microscope, youtube videos, specific websites
If there is any difficulty in understanding the subject, the teacher is available to receive the student for a clarification interview by email appointment.

Office hours

See the website of Barbara Brunetti