02882 - Anatomy

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, the student will know the conformation and structure of various organs and systems with regard to their macroscopic and microscopic features. The student will also know correlations between the regions of the human body. The knowledge gained is the basis for the understanding of human body and clinical application.

Course contents

The course is divided into two modules:

Module 1:

Anatomical Terminology. Planes and axes of the human body.

SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS: Bones, joints, and muscles of the trunk, upper and lower limbs.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: Heart and pericardium. Structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Blood circulation, coronary arteries, aorta and pulmonary artery. Vascularization of the main regions of the body.

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: Overview. Lymphatic vessels and capillaries, thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct. Lymph nodes, spleen (brief mention).

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Overview. Upper airways, larynx, trachea, bronchi. Lungs and pleurae. Diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

URINARY SYSTEM: Kidney structure, definition of the urinary tract, bladder.

Module 2:

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Oral cavity and associated structures. Topography, systematic anatomy, vascularization, and innervation of the various sections of the digestive tract. Behavior of the peritoneum.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Topography, macroscopic, microscopic, and functional anatomy of the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pineal gland, pituitary gland, and endocrine pancreas.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Organization of the central nervous system.
Spinal cord: External and internal structure. Roots of spinal nerves. Organization of gray and white matter.
Brainstem: Medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. External configuration and anatomical relations. Fourth ventricle, cerebral peduncles, tectal plate, cerebral aqueduct.
Cerebellum: External and internal structure, cortical structure and architecture.
Diencephalon: Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus. Third ventricle.
Telencephalon: General structure. Sulci, lobes, gyri, cortex, cerebral areas. Lateral ventricles. Subcortical nuclei and organization of white matter. Main commissural systems of the telencephalon. Limbic system.
Meninges of the spinal cord and brain: Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater, tela choroidea and choroid plexuses, cerebrospinal fluid.
Vascularization of the CNS: Vascular supply to the spinal cord and brain. Internal carotid artery. Vertebrobasilar system. Circle of Willis. Cerebral arteries. Dural venous sinuses.
Autonomic nervous system: Sympathetic system and related plexuses. Cranial and sacral parasympathetic system.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Spinal and cranial nerves.

Systems of specific senses: Visual system, auditory system, and integumentary system.

Readings/Bibliography

Anatomia Umana - Elementi- Arcuri et al., Ed. Edi-ermes

ANATOMIA UMANA. Martini, Tallitsch, Nath. Ed. Edises

Anatomia Umana - Fondamenti- Barbatelli et al. Edi-ermes

ANATOMIA UMANA -principi- Artico et al., Ed. Edi-ermes

ANATOMIA DELL'UOMO Ambrosi et al., Ed. Edi-ermes

ANATOMIA UMANA - ATLANTE TASCABILE – APPARATO LOCOMOTORE (VOL. 1), Platzer W., Casa Editrice ambrosiana

Atlas for spot consultation:

F.H. NETTER Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Ciba-Geigy Edizioni

Prometheus. Atlante di Anatomia Umana. EdiSES

J. SOBOTTA Atlante di Anatomia Descrittiva I, II, III S.E.S.

Teaching methods

During the lessons, slides will be projected illustrating the concepts that students need to learn in preparation for the exam."

Assessment methods

The exam, covering both Anatomy modules, may be taken on different days and will be in oral form. The grade obtained for each individual module is valid for one year. Both modules are graded on a scale of 30, and the final grade for the Human Anatomy course will be calculated as the arithmetic mean of the grades from the two modules.

The Human Anatomy course is part of the integrated teaching unit “Morphological Sciences”, together with the Histology course. Therefore, the final grade for the integrated course will be calculated as the weighted average of the grade from the Human Anatomy course (4 ECTS credits) and that of Histology (2 ECTS credits).

Registration for the exam is mandatory through the electronic bulletin board (bacheca elettronica), strictly respecting the set deadlines. Students who are unable to register by the deadline must notify the teaching office promptly (and in any case before the official closing of the registration lists). It will be at the discretion of the instructor to allow them to take the exam. The recording of the grade will take place on the date scheduled and indicated on AlmaEsami.

Grade recording can occur in the absence of the student.

Students with learning disabilities or temporary/permanent impairments are encouraged to contact the dedicated office as soon as possible: https://site.unibo.it/studenti-con-disabilita-e-dsa/it/per-studenti in order to arrange suitable compensatory measures. The request must be submitted at least 15 days before the exam date to the instructor, who will assess the appropriateness of the proposed accommodations in line with the course objectives.

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Teaching tools

ppt power point slides corresponding to the topics of the lessons.

Office hours

See the website of Gabriella Teti

See the website of Elisa Boschetti