37215 - Laboratory of Anatomy (Part 2) (C1)

Learning outcomes

The student is able to describe the shape, structure, relationships, and projection on the body surface of the abdominopelvic organs. The student is also able to describe the structures of the central nervous system and identify major peripheral nerve injuries.

Course contents

Identify the anatomical structures and topographical location of structures through human corpse dissection and using anatomage.

Using microscopes observe and recognize the microscopic and macroscopic features of the organs.

Topics:

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Oral cavity. Topography, systematic anatomy, vasculature, innervation of different tracts of the digestive tract. Peritoneal behavior in relation to organ development.

URINARY APPARATUS
Kidneys: renal lodge, external and internal configuration, vascularization, innervation, functional anatomy of the nephron. Course, vascularization and innervation of the urinary tract. Organogenesis of the urinary tract.

MALE GENITAL APPARATUS.
Male gonads. Spermatic tract course and adnexal glands. External genital organs. Organogenesis of the male genital apparatus.

FEMALE GENITAL APPARATUS.
Female gonads. Genital tracts: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina. External genital organs. Mammary gland. Organogenesis of the female genital apparatus.

ENDOCRINE APPARATUS.
Topography, macroscopic, microscopic and functional anatomy of thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands and endocrine pancreas.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Organization and development of the central nervous system.

Spinal cord: external and internal configuration. Roots of the spinal nerves. Organization of gray matter and white matter.
Encephalic trunk: bulb, pons and midbrain. External configuration and relationships. IV ventricle, cerebral peduncles, lamina quadrigemina, mesencephalic aqueduct.
Cerebellum: external and internal configuration, structure and architecture cerebellar cortex.
Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus. III ventricle.
Telencephalon: general conformation. Scissuras, lobes, circumvolutions, cortex, brain areas. Lateral ventricles. Subcortical nuclei and organization of white matter. Main commessural systems of the telencephalon. Limbic system.
Spinal and encephalic meninges: dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater, choroid canvas and plexuses, cephalorachid fluid.
Vasculature of the neuraxis: vasculature of spinal cord and encephalon. Internal carotid artery. Vertebro-basilar system. Polygon of Willis. Cerebral arteries. Venous sinuses dura mater. Autonomic nervous system: Orthosympathetic system and its plexuses. Encephalic and sacral parasympathetic system.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Spinal nerves and encephalic nerves.

Specific sensitivity apparatuses: visual apparatus, hearing apparatus and integumentary apparatus.

Readings/Bibliography

Anastasi G. et al., Anatomia Umana (3vol), Edi Ermes

Guida alla lettura dell'Atlante di Anatomia Umana di F. Netter, Edra

Anatomia clinica, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

Rohen-Yokochi, Atlante fotografico di Anatomia descrittiva e topografica, Piccin

Atlante di Anatomia, Prometheus , EdiSes

Kamina, Atlante di Anatomia, Piccin

Young B. et al., Wheater Istologia ed Anatomia microscopica, Edra Masson

Gray's Anatomy - The anatomical bases of the clinical practise, Elsevier

Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy, Elsevier

Teaching methods

The course is divided into a series of frontal lessons which are accompanied by practical examinations.

The practical examinations take place:

- in the Macroscopic Anatomy laboratory on plastic models.

- In the laboratory of Microscopic Anatomy on microscopic preparations.

- in the virtual dissection room (anatomage) and exercises at the Bologna dissection room on cadavers prepared by the Professors.

Assessment methods

The final test consists of an oral examination in which the student is expected to give evidence of acquired knowledge of Systematic, Topographical and Microscopic Anatomy of the different anatomical regions.

Teaching tools

Microscopic slides, anatomage and dissecting room, this latter with the help of expert medical students as tutors

Office hours

See the website of Francesco Maria Galassi