02882 - Anatomy

Learning outcomes

At the end of the module the student has the knowledge and ability to understand the basic notions of splanchnic anatomy and the structure of the locomotor system. Knows the morphology of bone, connective and muscular tissues.

Course contents

ANATOMY PROGRAM

GENERAL INFORMATION: anatomical terminology. Planes and axes of the human body.

OUTLINES of HISTOLOGY: organization of tissues. Membranes of the human body: mucosa; serous, cutaneous; synovial

 MUSCLE TISSUE: types of muscle tissue (smooth; striated; cardiac) and their location. The shapes of the muscles: fusiform; squares; circular; fan-shaped. The muscle fibre: myofilaments and their organization into sarcomeres. Muscle contraction. Epimysium; perimysium; endomysium: connective structures covering the striated muscle. Cardio-circulatory system: structure of cardiac muscle tissue: intercalated discs.

LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM

BONES: Spine. Rib cage. Hip bones and pelvis. Pelvis diameters. Bones of the shoulder girdle. Upper limb bones. Lower limb bones. Skull.

JOINTS: Classification of immobile joints (SYNARTHROSIS) (synchondrosis; symphysis; syndesmosis; synostosis) and synovial joints (DIARTHROSIS) with related examples: condylarthrosis; angular ginglima (trochlea); axial ginglima (median atlanto-axial joint); arthrodia; side trinkets; saddle joints; enarthrosis (or spherearthrosis). Joints of the spine. Glenohumeral joint. Elbow joint. Sacroiliac joint. Coxo-femoral joint. Knee joint.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: Heart: macroscopic anatomy; topography, orientation of the heart and relationships with adjacent and mediastinal organs. ; surface anatomy; heart chambers; atrioventricular valves; semilunar valves. Coronary circulation and cardiac veins. Small and large circulation. Cardiac conduction system. General information on blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins). The main arteries and veins of the human body. The cardiac fibrous skeleton. Trabeculae carneae (first, second and third order). Combed muscles. Fossa ovale. 

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: Upper and lower airways; lungs and pleurae. Gas exchange at the level of the respiratory membrane.

URINARY SYSTEM: Kidneys: macroscopic structure topography. Urinary tract. Structure of the nephron. 

Readings/Bibliography

Martini/Nath - Elementi di Anatomia e Fisiologia - Edi Ses

-Manrico Morroni - ANATOMIA FUNZIONALE E IMAGING-SISTEMA LOCOMOTORE- Edi-ermes

Teaching methods

The lectures are accompanied by a practical osteology exercise and an independent dissection of porcine hearts.

Assessment methods

The exam will be held in the form of a written test, consisting of approximately 31 multiple choice questions, which will take place on the EOL platform. Passing the written test is necessary to potentially access (optional test) a subsequent oral test

Teaching tools

-Power point presentations

- Provision of disarticulated and articulated human bones and plastic models

- Dissection of porcine hearts

Office hours

See the website of Alessandra Cappellini