73111 - Energetic Systems and Machinery (2nd cycle)

Course contents

Primary energy sources

Potentiality, conversion systems and applications of solar, geothermic, hydroelectric, wind, wave tidal and nuclear energy.

 

Thermodynamic basics

Ideal gas compression and expansion: isentropic and polytropic work and efficiency, total enthalpy and temperature, speed of sound, polytropic transformations and thermodynamics diagrams.

  Boiler and steam generator

Combustion: stoichiometric oxidation reactions, heating values, energy density, CO2 emission, adiabatic temperature.

Typologies and applications, steam generator efficiency and water circulations.

 

Gas Turbine

Thermodynamic analysis and applications of Brayton and Advance cycles (recuperated, intercooled, reheated, etc.)

Component description: compressors, combustion chamber, expander, etc.

Environmental impact

 

Combined cycle power plant

Thermodynamic analysis of combined cycles with one or more pressure levels

Component description: heat recovery steam generator, condenser, steam turbine, cooling systems, etc.

Environmental impact

 

Cogeneration: Combined heat and power

Thermodynamics of CHP plants, comparative thermodynamic performance, economic assessment

Performance criteria for CHP plants

CHP applications and examples.

MACHINERY:

Course contents

1) Equations of steady one-dimensional compressible flow of an ideal gas in a duct; isentropic flow in a duct of variable area.
2) Compressible fluid prime mover: the axial turbine stage, work  and efficiency for the stage. Different action turbine configurations, comparing the benefits and returns. Reaction turbine: work and efficiency for the stage. Mass flow imitations for applications in steam plants. Typical configurations of machines for applications in steam plants. The cooling of blades for applications in gas turbines for aeronautical applications.
3) Axial compressors: the thermodynamic process, off-design operating conditions of the compressor stage, aerodynamic coupling between stages, the overall performance of multistage axial compressor. Pumping and rotating stall.
Centrifugal compressor: The thermodynamic process, determination of work and performance of the stage.
Representation of the performance of compressors, and comparison between axial and centrifugal compressors.
4) Compressors and turbines matching in the gas turbine engine. Regulation of gas turbine engines. Land and aeronautical applications (turboprop, turbojet and turbofan).
Supercharging an internal combustion piston engine.
5) Volumetric reciprocating compressors: efficiency of charge and operating characteristics. Root and vane compressors.

Readings/Bibliography

 Sistemi Energetici e loro componenti  ' G: Negri di Montenegro, M. Bianchi A. Peretto 

II Edizione – Pitagora Editore.

'Impatto ambientale dei sistemi energetici, voll. 1, 2 e 3 ' M. Bianchi, A. Gambarotta, A. Peretto

II Edizione – Pitagora Editore  
MACHINERY:

Testi consigliati:

-   Sistemi energetici e loro componenti, 2a ed., G. Negri di Montenegro, M. Bianchi, A. Peretto, Pitagora Editrice Bologna
-   Bettocchi, R., Spina, P.R., - Propulsione aeronautica con turbogas  - 2a ed. - Pitagora, 2002.

Testi di consultazione:

1.      Bettocchi R. - Turbomacchine - Pitagora, 1986.
2.      Acton O. - Turbomacchine - UTET, 1986.
3.      Acton O., Caputo C. - Introduzione allo studio delle macchine - UTET, 1979.
4.      Cohen H., Rogers G.F.C., Saravanamuttoo H.I.H. - Gas Turbine Theory – 5th Ed. – Prentice Hall, 2001
5.      Csanady G.T. - Theory of Turbomachines - McGraw Hill, 1964.
6.      Cumpsty N.A. - Compressor Aerodynamics - Longman, 1990.
7.      Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery - Pergamon Press, 1978.
8.      Horlock J.H. - Axial Flow Compressors - Butterworths, 1958.
9.  Horlock J.H. - Axial Flow Turbines - Butterworths, 1966.
10.  Osnaghi G. - Macchine fluidodinamiche - CLUP, Milano, 1979.
11.  Pfleiderer C., Peterman H. - Turbomacchine - Tecniche Nuove, 1985
12.  Sandrolini S., Borghi M., Naldi, G. – Turbomacchine termiche. Turbine – Pitagora, 1992.
13.  Sandrolini S., Naldi G. – Macchine 1. Fluidodinamica e termodinamica delle turbomacchine – Pitagora, 1997.
14.  Sandrolini S., Naldi G. – Macchine 2. Le turbomacchine motrici e operatrici,  Pitagora,1998.

Teaching methods

Frontal lessons.

Assessment methods

Written examination on theory and calculations. The main focus of the course is to give to the students the capability of facing the main problems related to the items listed in the course program. In particular an effort is made in order to look to the renowable energy with a critic point of view, giving to the students both the deficiency and the quality of the new energetic resources.

Office hours

See the website of Stefania Falfari

See the website of Fabrizio Ponti