95766 - Geomatics Surveying P

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course in Topography and Surveying, the student understands the theoretical and practical elements necessary for the design and execution of a topographic survey, for the representation of the territory, the production of cartographic updates, and for cadastral or monitoring applications. The student has also gained familiarity with the use of surveying instruments, both terrestrial (precision auto-levels, total stations, laser scanners) and satellite-based (GNSS). The course focuses specifically (at a micro level) on the program's objective of training land surveying experts, but also integrates the broader goals of the entire curriculum. This includes acquiring expertise and knowledge in the methods and techniques for surveying structures and land, for their representation and cartographic placement, and the use of primary surveying instruments. These skills and knowledge are, in fact, integrated into territorial and environmental analysis, contributing to tools for land and environmental management.

Course contents

Geodesy: equipotential surfaces and the geoid; the geometry of the ellipsoid. Plane topographic field and spherical geodetic field. Theorems of operational geodesy. Coordinate systems and transformation between local geodetic, geocentric and Cartesian coordinates. Geodetic reference systems (defined according to international standards and locally adapted), elevation systems and elevation differences and their adoption in Europe.

Statistical treatment of observations: gross, systematic and random errors; probability distributions: normal distribution; estimation of characteristic parameters of a distribution, confidence intervals; variance propagation; principle of least squares. Adjustment of observations with the method of indirect observations. Verification of the results and the accuracies achieved. GNSS satellite positioning techniques: architecture of Global Positioning Systems (GPS), signal structure, observable differentiation techniques. Design and execution of a survey in post processed static and kinematic mode, and in real time RTK and NRTK. Example of use of open source programs for GNSS data processing in RINEX format, analysis of accuracies achievable with the different methodologies.

Modern topographic instruments: principles of operation and use of precision and site digital levels, total stations, GNSS receivers, 3D scanning lasers. Elementary survey schemes: measurement of height differences, azimuthal and zenith angles, distances. Campaign data processing. Methods for connection to a reference frame, intersection, traverse, modern detail survey. Precision geometric leveling and technical levelling. Trigonometric leveling. Examples of networks for monitoring the Territory (control measures of ground movements, landslides, GNSS networks or through the use of total stations, generation of Digital Terrain Models and surfaces obtained through photogrammetric surveys, TLS or LiDAR). Examples of topographic measures for building control. Schemes for the creation and analysis of altimetric, planimetric, 3D and GNSS networks Elements of calculation of areas and volumes, survey of surfaces and dimensioned plans, design of dividers according to area criteria. Surveys for cadastral purposes: types of updating deeds divided into Type of Subdivision, Map Type (Standard and in Derogation) and Reconfinements. Examples of cadastral update and its approval. Cartographic representations: classification of representations and theory of maps. The conformal map projection of Gauss. The official Italian cartography, regional, municipal and cadastral cartography; geographical and kilometric grids. Introduction to digital and numerical cartography examples of use of open source GIS software.

Readings/Bibliography

Lecturers' notes available free of charge on virtual.unibo.it

For consultation:

Volumes 1-2-3 Misure, rilievo, progetto. Per costruzioni, ambiente e territorio. Renato Cannarozzo, Lanfranco Cucchiarini, William Meschieri, - Zanichelli - 2017

Teaching methods

The course is organized with theoretical lessons and practical exercises aimed at understanding the functioning of the classic surveying instruments and some classic professional applications

Assessment methods

Verification of learning in the Topography and Surveying course takes place through a single final exam, which ascertains the acquisition of the expected knowledge and skills by carrying out a written and oral test without the help of notes or books.

At the time of the test, students must have an identification document (identity card or driving license or passport) or badge with them, so that they can be shown to the Commissioners.

The writing consists of questions of various kinds (multiple choice, open, or simple basic exercises) that cover the entire program of the entire course. Each question is associated, and declared immediately before the exam, with a score whose total exceeds the maximum of 3 units (33/30). The test must be performed within the indicated time range and generally not exceeding one hour.

Teaching tools

For the purpose of understanding some parts of the course, practical laboratory exercises centered on the operating principle of classical topographic instruments and their application are planned.

In particular, the instruments that will be considered are the classic ones of modern topography

• Theodolite
• Total station
• Digital and analog levels
  
• GNSS

Office hours

See the website of Luca Vittuari

See the website of Antonio Zanutta

See the website of Fabio Atti