96287 - T.T. Adapted Physical Exercise

Learning outcomes

Adapted Physical Exercise (EFA) can be defined as the regular and constant practice of a motor activity, in which parameters such as: "intensity, duration, frequency and specificity" are evaluated, programmed, established and measured. This administration must be carried out, as a rule and in special cases, through collaboration with various professionals in the health sector. The concept of "EFA" represents the overcoming of the traditional "training", at the base of which persist however key notions and principles deriving from the training methodology. The general criterion is to take care of people with risk factors and suffering from pathological conditions. Such people can benefit from properly prescribed and controlled exercise. The goal is also to experiment with prevention and treatment programs, based on physical exercise, by preparing the organizational methods within which both the prescription of physical activity, customized to the characteristics of the individual, and the administration through paths take place that guarantee the achievement and maintenance of the prescribed activity levels over time. At the end of the course, the student: - has skills on the primary function that adapted physical exercise plays in the context of sedentary lifestyle and the aging process, in particular on the progressive decrease of the individual's physical adaptation and performance skills ; - knows the therapeutic function of physical activity and its specializations, through the analysis of specific issues, in improving a lifestyle related to cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic diseases. He is able to identify and differentiate the moments of prevention and compensation and to apply didactic methodologies suitable for the age and to transfer his knowledge in the application field and therefore to elaborate an individualized work protocol. These topics are developed in order to involve competent professionals in different clinical sectors and with research tools.

Course contents

THEORETICAL MODULE PREVENTATIVE AND COMPENSATORY TTD (3 CFU) - Prof. Guido Belli

 
Laws of growth and classification of morphological alterations

- Historical background and purpose of preventive and compensatory motor education

- Laws of growth

- Classification of morphological alterations

- Causes of morphological alterations

- Period of onset of morphological alterations and importance of their prevention


Mechanomorphosis

- Mechanomorphosis: generalities

- Delpech's law

- Lamarch and Darwin's law

- Laws of muscle development

- Borelli's and Weber Fick's laws

- Shwam's Law

- Lapierre's experimental conditions

Techniques of compensatory motor education

- General principles governing compensatory motor education

- Classification of exercises that can be used within the educational context (toning, mobility, awareness, relaxation and body perception, balance, coordination)


Posture

- Posture: definitions, characteristics of the postural tonic system, importance of posture in the current context, mechanisms of postural control


- Analysis of the subject: postural assessment


Morphological alterations


- Respiratory gymnastics and its importance in all trunk alterations

- Alterations of the thorax

- Characteristics, causes, consequences, and treatment of the following lower extremity alterations:

Foot: flat, valgus, varus, hollow, hallux valgus

Knee: valgus, varus, recurvatuum, flexum

- Characteristics, causes, consequences and treatment of spinal changes:

Cervical tract: accentuation, decrease, inversion

Dorsal tract: accentuation, decrease, inversion

Lumbar tract: accentuation, decrease, inversion

- Scapulohumeral girdle alterations

- Lateralization of the spine: scoliotic stance, scoliosis; characteristics, causes, consequences, and various types of treatment

- Main methods and techniques for restoring Posture

Prevention and ergonomics of the postural system

- Prevention of morphological alterations

- Prevention of algias

- Possibilities and modes of intervention according to the 'age of the subjects under consideration

PRACTICAL MODULE TTD PREVENTIVE AND COMPENSATORY

1ST EXERCISE

- Postural assessment

- The fundamental principles of static observation.

-The analysis of the main landmarks with respect to the optimal pattern

-The use of the cane as an assessment aid

2ND EXERCISE.


- Respiratory gymnastics

- The role of the diaphragm and accessory muscles

- The analysis of standing and supine breathing

- Abdominal, thoracic, mixed breathing exercises

- Thoracic shaping in major morphological changes

- Self-massage and perception of respiratory work

3RD EXERCISE.

-The analysis of the lower limb: the observation of morphological alterations at the hip, knee, and foot levels

- The biomechanical relationship between the various segments of the lower limb: intoeing and outtoeing

-The analysis of the foot: the relationships between the hindfoot and forefoot in morphological alterations at that level

-The observation of the podalic footprint using a podiatoscope

-Exercises for flat foot, hollow foot, hindfoot valgus and varus

-The varus and valgus knee: analysis of the problem and main exercises

4TH EXERCISE

- The shoulder: morphological alterations of the scapulohumeral girdle

-The analysis of scapulohumeral rhythm during movements and kinesiological analysis of the upper limb

-The relationship between the upper limb and scapulae during specific exercises

- The cervical spine: morphological alterations and kinesiological treatment

5TH EXERCISE

- Characteristics, causes, consequences and treatment of spinal column alterations.

-The dorsal spine: analysis of corrective movements in the various planes

-Specific exercises for accentuations and reductions in dorsal kyphosis

-Kinesiological proposals with small and large equipment

6TH EXERCISE.

-The lumbar spine: analysis of corrective movements in the various planes

-Specific exercises for accentuations and reductions in lumbar lordosis

-Kinesiological proposals with small and large equipment

-Lumbar load management according to the principles of ergonomics

7TH EXERCISE


- Three-dimensional changes of the spine: scoliotic stance, scoliosis; characteristics, causes, consequences and various types of treatment

- Main methods and techniques for correction of alterations in the sagittal, frontal and transverse planes

-Exercises for mobilization, toning and postural control according to the main methods

T.T.D. THEORETICAL MODULE OF ADAPTED EXERCISE . Prof. P. Maietta Latessa


ADAPTED EXERCISE.

-Principal primary and secondary risk factors.

-Physical activity and age , life expectancy, impairment


ADAPTED EXERCISE AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTION.


-General principles of programs directed at improving cardiorespiratory function

-Exercise and heart disease

- E.F.A. and Obliterative Arteriopathy


ADAPTED EXERCISE AND HYPERTENSION.

-Case studies and list of sources


ADAPTED EXERCISE AND METABOLIC SYNDROME

-Adapted Exercise and Overweight

-Adapted Exercise and Obesity

-Adapted Exercise and Diabetes

-Case study and list of sources


ADAPTED EXERCISE AND DEPRESSION

-Guidelines on physical activity and exercise.

-Evidences

-Targets


THE ROLE OF ADAPTED PHYSICAL EXERCISE IN THE PREVENTION AND PROGNOSIS OF CANCER.

-Guidelines on physical activity and exercise.


PRACTICAL MODULE OF THEORY , TECHNIQUE AND DIDACTICS OF ADAPTED EXERCISE

 1ST - 2ND EXERCISES.

Differences between Adapted Physical Activity (AFA) and Adapted Physical Exercise (EFA)

Modifications induced by general aerobic resistance work

The benchmarks for internal load modulation: VO2 and HR

The assessment of HR by formulas in the literature (Haskell-Fox, Tanaka, Karvonen)

The measurement of HR by heart rate monitor

Heart disease: general outlines and modalities of intervention

Submaximal assessment tests using ergometers:: "mile test" and "YMCA"

Practical tests on the equipment

3RD - 4TH EXERCISES.

The submaximal assessment tests without using ergometers: "6 minutes walking test," "McArdle's step test," and "2 Minutes step test"

The assessment of recovery capacity (Ruffier-Dickson formula)

The Borg Scale (Cr 10, CR 20) as an index measuring the level of perceived fatigue

The definition of training load in endurance work

Hypertension: general outlines and modes of intervention

Strength training in heart disease and hypertension

Practical tests on the equipment

5TH - 6TH EXERCISES.

The metabolic syndrome: diabetes and obesity

General hints regarding the treatment of dysmetabolism

Kinesiological intervention: work posology and general guidelines

Joint mobility training

Circuit training as a type of metabolic impact work

Practical tests in free body and with small, and large equipment

7TH EXERCISE.

Heart disease and metabolic syndrome: field experience in specialized centers

The role of the exercise science graduate in adapted exercise

The importance of respiratory gymnastics and relaxation

Practical evidence

Readings/Bibliography

Students are informed that in-depth study of the topics requires constant updating related to new instrumental technologies and scientific evidence regarding different application methodologies. Precisely for this reason and also because of the multiplicity of topics , the lectures will be conducted with the aid of slides that will serve as a reference for further study with the recommended texts. To follow the lectures, it is recommended to refer to the lecture material deposited during the previous academic year and then supplement it with the lectures conducted in the classroom. Reference books or publications will be recommended for each topic covered.


The course does not have a single reference text.

Teaching methods

TEACHING PARTICIPATES IN THE ATHENA DIDACTICAL INNOVATION PROJECT (Integrative Digital Didactics )


Lectures for basic topics , supplemented by exercises with organized groups and with compulsory attendance (read carefully - Methods of verification and evaluation of learning)


During the course there will be seminars conducted concerning application aspects . The topics of the seminars will form an integral part of the program and may be subject to verification in the examination

Assessment methods

TO TAKE THE ORAL EXAM, ONE MUST HAVE ATTENDED 70 PERCENT OF THE TUTORIAL HOURS AND PASSED THE WRITTEN PROFICIENCY TEST.


The student will be asked two main questions related to the topics covered in the program, carried out during the lectures. Assessment of the student's preparation may make use of additional questions designed to specify aspects related to the main questions.


Passing the exam will be granted to students who demonstrate mastery and operational ability in relation to the key concepts illustrated in the teaching, and in particular the ability to understand and project manage the complexity of the subject. A higher score will be awarded to students who demonstrate understanding and ability to use all the contents of the teaching by illustrating them with skill and peculiar ownership of language, solving even complex issues, showing good operational control, etc. Failure to pass the exam may be due to insufficient knowledge of key concepts, lack of mastery of specific technical language, and lack of or insufficient operational ability


Only students who have registered on time are eligible to take the exam.

There will be seven exam sessions during the academic year:

I (January- February)- 3 exam sessions

II (June - August) - 3 exam sessions

III (September ) - 1 exam session

Teaching tools

Lectures will be accompanied by visual and audiovisual aids. As part of the practical exercises, the course has equipment for assessing and teaching motor activity with reference to Adapted Physical Activity


Instructional Materials: The instructional materials presented in class are made available to the student in electronic format via the Internet. This material will provide guidelines for the in-depth studies conducted, during the lectures.

Office hours

See the website of Pasqualino Maietta Latessa

See the website of Guido Belli

See the website of Elia Foschi

See the website of Leydi Natalia Vittori

See the website of Guido Belli