18346 - Special Vegetal Pathology

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course the student will acquire the fundamental knowledge on the most important plant diseases caused by virus, viroid, phytoplasmas, bacteria and fungi.  The student will also acquire the technical and legislative basis for crop protection against diseases.

Course contents

Infective diseases of the most important crops with reference to the biology of pathogens, epidemiology, symptoms and control.

Grapevine diseases

a) Fungal diseases

- Oomycetes: - Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew);
- Ascomycetes:- Botyris cinerea; - Erysiphe necator (an. Oidium tuckeri) (powdery  mildew); - Rosellinia necatrix (Rosellinia root rot); -Phomopsis viticola (dead arm);
- Basidiomycetes: -Armillaria mellea (sin. Armillariella mellea) (Armillaria root rot);
Phaemoniella chlamidospora, -Phaeoacremonium aleophilum -Fomitiporia punctata (esca disease complex);
b) Bacteria: - Agrobacterium tumefaciens (crown galls);

c) Phytoplasmas: Flavescence dorée and  black wood (grapevine yellows);

d) Virus: grapevine fanleaf virus, gapevine leafroll  associated virus, grapevine rugose wood.

Pome fruit diseases

a) Fungal diseases
- Oomycetes: -Phytophtora cactorum (root and crown root);
- Ascomycetes: -Venturia inaequalis (an.Spilocaea pomi, sin.Fusicladium dendriticum) (apple scab); -Venturia pyrina – (an. Fusicladium pirinum) (pear scab);- Podosphaera leucotricha (an.Oidium farinosum) (powdery  mildew); - Neonectria galligena (an. Cylindrocarpon mali ) (nectria cankers); - Valsa ceratosperma (valsa cankers); - Rosellinia (rosellinia root rot); - Monilinia fructigena (an. Monilia fructigena), -Monilinia laxa (an. Monilia laxa), - Monilinia fructicola (an. Monilia fructicola); - Neofabraea alba (sin. Gloeosporium album) ( Bull's eye rotof apple and pear); - Stemphylium vesicarium ( brown spot of pear);

- Basidomycetes: -Armillaria mellea (sin. Armillariella mellea) (Armillaria root rot)
b) Bacteria: -Agrobacterium tumefaciens (crown galls); -Erwinia amylovora (fire blight);
c) Phytoplasmas: apple proliferation, pear decline;

d) Virus: generality

Stone fruit diseases
a) Fungal diseases
- Oomycetes: - Phytophthora cactorum (root and crown root);
- Ascomycetes: - Taphrina deformans (peach leaf curl); - Podosphaera pannosa (sin. Sphaerotheca pannosa var. persicae – an. Oidium leuconium) (powdery  mildew); - Phomopsis amygdali (sin. Fusicoccum amygdali) (Fusicoccum cankers), - Stigmina carpophila (sin.Coryneum beijerinckii)(shothole blight), Rosellinia necatrix (Rosellinia root rot); Monilinia fructigena (an. Monilia fructigena), -Monilinia laxa (an. Monilia laxa), - Monilinia fructicola (an. Monilia fructicola); - Botrytis cinerea; - sooty moulds
- Basidomycetes: - Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae (plum rust), - Armillaria mellea (sin. Armillariella mellea) (Armillaria root rot); - Chondrostereum purpureum (sin. Stereum purpureum) (silver leaf disease)

 b) Batteria: - Agrobacterium tumefaciens (crown galls),- Xanthomonas campestris pv pruni (bacterial spots); - Pseudomonas syringae (apricot decline);

d) Virus: Sharka.

 

Sugar beat diseases
a) Fungal diseases
- Oomycetes: - -Erysiphe betae (powdery  mildew); - Cercospora beticola (cercospora disease)
- Basidomycetes: -Thanatephorus cucumeris (sin. Rhizoctonia solani) (rhizoctonia disease)

b) virus: rhizomania

Potato and tomato diseases
a) )Fungal diseases
- Oomycetes: - Phytophthora infestans (late blight);
- Ascomycetes: Haematonectria haematococca (an. Fusarium solani), F. roseum  (Fusarium wilt); - Verticillium albo-atrum andVerticillium dahliae (verticillium wilt),- Alternaria alternata and  Alternaria solani;
b) Bacteria:- Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and carotovora; generality on other bacterial diseases
c) virus: generality


Cereal diseases
a) Fungal diseases
- Ascomycetes: - Erysiphe (sin. Blumeria) graminis  (an. Oidium monilioides) (powdery  mildew); Zymoseptoria (Septoria) tritici (Septoria disease) ; Fusarium spp. (Fusarium head blight) Aspergillus spp.,Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp.(toxinogenic fungi on mais);
- Basidiomycetes: - Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (stem rust), - Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici (sin. P. triticina) (brown rust), - Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (sin.P. glumarum) (yellow rust), Ustilago nuda (smut), - Tilletia caries e Tilletia foetida (bunt).
b) virus: wheat mosaic

 

Strawberry diseases
a) )Fungal diseases
- Oomycetes: - Phytophthora cactorum and Phytophthora fragrariae - Pythium sp.

- Ascomycetes: - Sphaerotheca macularis f. sp. fragrariae (an. Oidium fragrariae) (powdery  mildew); -Botrytis cinerea; - Colletotrichum acutatum;
b) Bacteria - Xanthomonas fragarie (angular leaf spot).

 

Forest plant diseases
a) Fungal diseases
- Oomycetes: - Phytophthora spp.;
- Ascomycetes: - - Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight), - Ophiostoma ulmi (Duch elm disease)
- Basidiomycetes: - Armillaria mellea (sin. Armillariella mellea); wood roots

 

Generalityof the diseases of kiwi (in particular PSA caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidia), of olive and horticultural and ornamental plants

 

Brief introduction on postharvest diseases

 

Readings/Bibliography

The slides presented at lesson will be available in electronic format in internet. To obtain them: http:/campus.unibo.it/  in the distribution list reserved to the student of the course. The name of the distribution list and the password will be communicated by the teacher at the first lesson. The name of the distribution list and the password  could also be requested  to the teacher by e-mail after the beginning of the lessons.

For deepening the following test are recommended:

 - Belli G. , 2007. Elementi di Patologia Vegetale. Piccin, Padova

- Agrios G.N., 2004. Plant Pathology. Academic Press, New York.

- Matta A., 1996. Fondamenti di Patologia Vegetale. Patron Editore, Bologna.

- Goidanich G.,1964. Manuale di Patologia vegetale. Voll. II e III, Ed agricole, Bologna

Teaching methods

Frontal lessons, esercitations in the lab and in the field.

Assessment methods

At the end of the lessons (of both general and special plant pathology) will be held the oral examination. The students could  decide if making the exams of general plant pathology and special plant pathology together or separately. 

 

Teaching tools

PC, video projector, exercitations in the biologic and informatics laboratories

Office hours

See the website of Alessandra Zambonelli