82695 - biologia vegetale e animale

Learning outcomes

Aim of the course is to give the basic knowledge concerning the organization of higher plants at cellular and morphological level, and the basic principles which regulate their development. Moreover, simple techniques for the observation of freshly prepared plant materials will be given, with the aim of achieving the ability to recognize the anatomic structures of higher plants.

Course contents

Plant Biology -Organization of living organisms: procaryotes and eukaryotes.  Autotrophy and heterotrophy. Differences between plant and animal organisms. The eukaryotic plant cell; cell wall, vacuole, plastids. Growth and differentiation of plant cell. Tissues of Vascular Plants: meristematic and adult tissues. Simple and complex tissues. Structure and function of the organs of Terrestrial Plants: stem, root and leaf. Primary and secondary structure of Plants: Gymnospermae and Angyospermae, Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons.

Animal biology - Molecules of biological interest: aminoacids and protein structure, glucides and lipids, nucleic acids.

Prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cell: cell membrane, structure and function (active, passive, mediated transport, exocytosis, endocytosis). Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, mitochondrion, peroxisomes. Cytoskeleton, microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments. Structure of cilia and flagella. Nucleus: structure of chromosomes and karyotype. DNA duplication and protein synthesis. Genetic code. Cell cycle: mitosis, meiosis. Somatic and germ line. Asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction. Gametogenesis. Fecundation. Parthenogenesis, Gynogenesis, Hybridogenesis.

Mendel: dominance, codominance, incomplete dominance. Gene interactions. Sex linked heredity. Lethal alleles.

Practical lessons (for students of curriculum Herbal Technichs):

Preparation of fresh sections from plant tissues and organs for analysis and observations at the optical microscope. Use of the optical microscope. Observation of the structure and organization of the plant cell, tissues and organs. Observation of meristematic and adult tissues of the plant. Observation of sections prepared from stems, roots and leaves of Gymnospermae and Angiospermae plants.

Readings/Bibliography

Animal Biology:

1. Sadava, Hillis, Heller, Berenbaum - Elementi di biologia e genetica -Zanichelli

2. Solomon, Berg, Martin - Elementi di Biologia-Edises

3. Audisio, De Blase, Nicoletti, Scarì - Eserciziario di biologia animale

Edises

 

Plant biology:

1. Biologia farmaceutica - Alessandro Bruni - Pearson

2A. Sadava D., Heller H.G., Orians G.H., Purves W.K., Hillis D.M. La cellula- 3°edizione italiana, Zanichelli

2B. Sadava D., Heller H.G., Orians G.H., Purves W.K., Hillis D.M. La biologia delle piante -3° edizione italiana, Zanichelli

3. Maugini E., Maleci Bini L., Mariotti Lippi M. Manuale di botanica farmaceutica IX edizione - Piccin Editore

4. Speranza A., Calzoni G.L. Struttura delle piante in immagini - Zanichelli editore

 

Teaching methods

Front lessons will be performed with Power Point slides and projector.

 

Practical lessons (only for students of curriculum Herbal Technics) will be performed preparingsections of fresh plant material and directly observing it at the optical microscope

Assessment methods

The final exam consists of a written part, which lasts 60 minutes, and of an oral part, which is mandatory only if the score of the written part is less than 25/30.

The written part is made of 30 questions with multiple response on all parts of the program (1 score per response). The oral part is mandatory only if the score of the written part is < 25/30, and is aimed at a deeper evaluation of the knowledge of the student.

Students must book the examination through the web site Almaesami. Examination sessions will be in the following periods of the year: January/February, March or April, June/July/September, December (not for freshmen).

Examinations will be performed at Palazzo Vespignani , Imola.

Students can hold both parts of the examination (plant biology and animal biology) in the same session or in different sessions, without any priority order. In this case, the second part of the exam must be held within 12 months from the first one. The final score is the average between the two parts. 

 

Office hours

See the website of Fabiana Antognoni

See the website of Ombretta Marescalchi