99046 - STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course the student will have acquired the fundamental concepts for the design of structural systems aimed at ensuring the mechanical safeness of the architectural works: direct and indirect actions, constraints, calculation models, measurement of safety with probabilistic methods; design and execution criteria; load tests; regulations.

Course contents

REQUIREMENTS

Students enrolled in the course must know the concept of vectors, forces, mass geometry, and they should be able to manage the principal methods for the resolution of isostatic and basing methods for solving simple statically redundant structures (such as force method, virtual work principle, etc). They also must have a sound knowledge of the beam’s theory and of cross-section analysis for linear homogeneous materials. Students must also be familiar with the concepts equilibrium and compatibility and the main aspects of statics.

The aforementioned topics are covered in the courses “Meccanica Razionale” and “Scienza delle Costruzioni”.

All the lectures will be held in English Language.

PROGRAM

The course is divided into three teaching units:

- the first module focuses on the subject of structural design, presents the technical regulations, materials, actions, methods of verification of the structural elements;

- the second module relates to the methods of resolving isostatic and hyperstatic structures;

- the third module refers to the design of conventional structures in reinforced concrete and steel, in accordance with the Eurocodes.

Module 1 (Prof. Andrea Benedetti)

FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN

- Reference standards. Limit state design approach. Elements of probability theory. General rules of the limit states design.

- Materials. Reinforced concrete: Technology; mechanical characterization, conformity, tests. Steel: strength classes, requirements, conformity; anchorage length of rebars.

- Actions on structures. Variable actions on structures (snow, wind, etc...). Load case combinations.

- Working stress method (brief). Homogenization coefficient. Analysis of R/C sections in bending. Preliminary criteria for structural elements.

- Limit state design method for reinforced concrete structures.Constitutive laws for materials. Failure modes for cross sections in bending. Ultimate moment for bending actions. Verification and design of elements against shear actions. Elements subjected to axial and bending actions: interaction between M-N. Simplified rules for design and verification of element.

Module 2 (Prof. Stefano Silvestri)

RESOLUTION OF STRUCTURES

- Restraints and definitions of isostatic and hyperstatic structures.

- Calculation of isostatic structures. Applications of the Principle of Virtual Works for the evaluation of displacements/rotations.

- Calculation of hyperstatic structures with the congruence method. Fundamental cases of single-span beams. Rotational stiffnesses.

- Calculation of hyperstatic structures with the equilibrium method and with the auxiliary restraints method. Multi-span beam and simple frame applications. Symmetrical structures with symmetrical and antimetric loading. Structures with nodes that rotate and do not translate: rotational stiffnesses; Cross's method. Structures with nodes that translate and do not rotate: translational stiffnesses. Structures with nodes that both translate and rotate.

Module 3 (Ing. Antoine Dib)

APPLICATIVE EXAMPLES OF DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

- Structural typologies in reinforced concrete

- Design of reinforced concrete frames. Identification of the structural layout of a building. Three-dimensional organization of the structural elements.

- Design of slabs. Loads definition. Type of structural elements. One-way slabs: Design rules, multiple supports structural model, reinforcement layout, verification against bending and shear actions.

- Design of RC beams. Type of beams. Simplified methods for the evaluation of the internal actions and preliminary design of the elements. Loading conditions. Design criteria and reinforcement layout. Detailing rules.

- Design of RC columns. Preliminary design of columns. Loading conditions. Design criteria and reinforcement layout. Detailing rules.

- Design of foundations. Loads on the foundations. Continuous (beams) and isolated foundations (squat or slender footings). Simplified analysis of continuous foundations. General design rules. Detailing and reinforcement layout.

APPLICATIVE EXAMPLES OF DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES

- Structural typologies in steel material.

- General design rules. Strength verification of elements (classes 1-3) against tension, compression, shear and bending actions.

- Deformation limits.

- Stability of compressed elements, Euler’s theory and real behavior of compressed elements.

- Bolted connections. Welded connections. Connections systems with the foundations.

Readings/Bibliography

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

Lecture notes.

- E. Viola, “Fondamenti di Analisi Matriciale delle Strutture”, Pitagora Editrice Bologna, 1996.

- P. Pozzati e C. Ceccoli, “Teoria e Tecnica delle strutture”, ed. UTET, Torino, volumi I e II, 1972 – 1974.

- A. Ghersi, “Costruzioni in Cemento Armato”, Flaccovio editore, 2010.

- E. Cosenza, G. Manfredi, M. Pecce, “Strutture in cemento armato”, Hoepli, 2008.

- V. Nunziata, “Teoria e pratica delle strutture in acciaio”, Flaccovio editore, 2011.

- G. Ballio, F.M. Mazzolani, “Strutture in Acciaio”, Hoepli, 1987.

- Bill Mosley, John Bungey and Ray Hulse, “Reinforced Concrete Design to Eurocode 2”, Sixth Edition, Palgrave Macmillan.

- O. Belluzzi, “Scienza delle costruzioni”, ed. Zanichelli, Bologna, voll. II e III.

- F. Leonhardt, “C.A. & C.A.P.: calcolo di progetto & tecniche costruttive”. Edizioni Tecniche, Milano, voll. I-III, 1977.

- A. Migliacci, “Progetto agli stati limite delle strutture in c.a.”, Masson Italia Ed., Milano, 1977.

- A. Migliacci, “Progetti di strutture”, Tamburini, Milano, 1968.

- E. Cosenza, C. Greco, “Il calcolo delle deformazioni nelle strutture in cemento armato”. CUEN, Napoli, 1996.

- E. Giangreco, “Ingegneria delle strutture”, UTET

- E. Torroja, “La concezione strutturale”, UTET

- J. Heyman, 1998, “Structural analysis. A historical approach”, Cambridge University Press

- G. Ballio, F.M. Mazzolani, “Strutture in acciaio”, Hoepli.

- G. Ballio, C. Bernuzzi, 2004, “Progettare costruzioni in acciaio”, Hoepli.

- N. Scibilia, 2005, “Progetto di strutture in acciaio”, 4° ed., Dario Flaccovio Editore.

- V. Nunziata, 2000, “Teoria e pratica delle strutture in acciaio”, 2° ed., Dario Flaccovio Editore.

- F. Hart, W. Henn, H. Sontag, 1982, “Architettura Acciaio Edifici Civili”, 2° ed., FINSIDER Gruppo IRI (edizione FINSIDER in lingua italiana del volume “Stahlbauatlas-Geschossbauten”, 2° ed., pubblicato dall'Institut für Internationale Architektur-Dokumentation di Monaco).

- J.C. McCormac, 2008, "Structural steel design", Pearson Prentice Hall

- J.C. Smith, 1996, "Structural steel design. LRFD approach", Wiley

- S.P. Timoshenko, J.M. Gere, 1961, "Theory of elastic stability", Dover publications

- T.V. Galambos, A.E. Surovek, 2008, "Structural stability of steel", Wiley

- T.Y. Lin, N.H. Burns, 1982, "Design of prestressed concrete structures", Wiley

- R. Walther, M.Miehlbradt, 1990, "Progettare in calcestruzzo armato", Hoepli

- C. Cestelli-Guidi, 1987, "Cemento armato precompresso", Hoepli

- L. Santarella, 1998, "Il cemento armato", 22a ediz., Hoepli

- L. Goffi, P. Marro, 1998, "Appuni sul Cemento armato precompresso", CLUT editrice, Torino

From the technic-scientific book series for the design of steel structures by ITALSIDER:

- L.F. Donato, L. Sanpaolesi, 1970, “Gli acciai e la sicurezza delle costruzioni”, Volume I.

- L. Finzi, E. Nova, 1971, “Elementi strutturali”, Volume IV.

- D. Danieli, F. De Miranda, 1971, “Strutture in acciaio per l'edilizia civile e industriale”, Volume VI.

REFERENCE STANDARDS:

Eurocode 1: Actions on structures

Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures

Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures

Norme Tecniche per le Costruzioni – D.M. 17/01/2018.

Circolare 21/01/2019, n. 617, C.S.LL.PP.

CNR 10011, Costruzioni in acciaio, 1988.

Teaching methods

All three Modules will be delivered in parallel during the semester in which this course is scheduled.

The lessons will deal with general problems concerning reinforced concrete and steel structures. In the lessonsthe approaches to the various problems treated recommended by national and international regulations will be critically discussed. Significant construction details will be presented. The lessons will be accompanied by nuemrical exercises in which some projects of structures will be shown and the most relevant aspects discussed.

Frontal lectures on the theoretical basis of the problems covered by the course.

Frontal lectures on applicative and technological aspects for the design of reinforced concrete structures and steel.

Frontal lessons on design examples.

Assessment methods

The student's final grade is obtained on the basis of:

- an oral exam relating to Modules 1 and 3, to verify the student's ability to deal with the most important theoretical aspects of structural design in general and in particular of reinforced concrete and steel constructions;

- an oral test relating to Module 2 of the course to verify the student's ability to resolve isostatic and hyperstatic structures;

- verification of exercises relating to the design of reinforced concrete structures and in steel carried out as part of Module 3.

The student's final grade is obtained as the average of the scores obtained in the individual tests.

The oral tests are composed of two questions, and the assessment procedure will clarify if the student acquired a sufficient number of the predicted learning outcomes. They aim to establish the knowledge and skills achieved by the student as well as to evaluate its technical language with reference to the topics discussed. Passing of the exam will be granted to students who demonstrate mastery and operational capacity in relation to the key-concepts discussed in the course showing, in particular, that the student learned the basic theoretical concepts and is able to argue in a comprehensive manner and in autonomous way the various steps leading to the definition of the main results.

The higher scores will be awarded to students who demonstrate to understand with breadth of content and appropriate language, the subjects taught and, further, will show to be able to apply all the teaching content in operating autonomy even for the most complex cases.

Failure to pass the exam will be due instead to insufficient knowledge of the key-concepts (such as the static equilibrium rules), failure to properly master technical language, or it can be due to low operational autonomy shown in the performance of the tests.

Teaching tools

Blackboard.
Power-Point presentations shown with the video projector.
Any handouts provided by the teacher uploaded to the IOL platform.
Exercises developed by students from past years.
Notes by students from past years.

Office hours

See the website of Stefano Silvestri

See the website of Andrea Benedetti

See the website of Gianni Neri