- Docente: Claudio Stefanelli
- Credits: 7
- SSD: BIO/10
- Language: Italian
- Moduli: Claudio Stefanelli (Modulo 1) Eleonora Turrini (Modulo 2)
- Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures (Modulo 1) Traditional lectures (Modulo 2)
- Campus: Bologna
- Corso: Second cycle degree programme (LM) in Sciences and Techniques of Sports Activities (cod. 8037)
Learning outcomes
The course presents the biochemical processes associated with exercise. The student should understand the molecular basis of training and exercise as well as the biochemistry of the organism adaptions responsible of performance enhancement and associated to the beneficial effect of exercise on human health. At the end of the course , the student also knows the prohibited list and the Worl Anti-doping Code. The student knows the mechanism of action of doping substances, the toxic effects and the health risk associated to doping.
Course contents
Unit 1: Sport Biochemistry
Exercise metabolism and bioenergetics
Metabolic biochemistry of exercise.
Integrated catabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Amino acid metabolism.
Bioenergetic of exercise. Aerobic endurance exercise. Anaerobic resistance exercise. Gender differences.
Integrated Biochemistry of exercise
Effect of exercise on the levels of circulating hormones and hormone-like effectors.
Muscle as an endocrine tissue.
Energetic and endocrine function of adipose tissue.
Cardiac metabolism.
Biochemical adaptions in training
Biochemical mechanisms in training. The role of stress in muscle adaption. Metabolic adaption following aerobic or anaerobic training.
Biochemical adaptions in sprint training and in endurance exercise.
The regulation of the muscle mass. Biochemistry of muscle hypertrophy.
Biomarkers of physical activity
Meaning of the clinical determination of specific molecules: metabolites, proteins, hormones, stress markers.
Unit 2: Pharmacology in Sports
Introduction to the use of drugs in Sport: principles of pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and drug toxicity.
Drug abuse and doping: general aspects and epidemiology.
International regulatory aspects for doping : World Anti-Doping Code; Medicinal products subject to restrictions and their prescription in case of therapeutic use; request for exemption for therapeutic purposes; declaration of therapeutic use. The doping controls.
List of substances and medical practices considered doping.
Pharmaco-toxicological aspects of different classes of prohibited drugs:
S0 non approved drugs
S1 Anabolic agents: Anabolic androgenic steroids
S2 Peptide hormones: erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, growth hormone
S3 Beta 2-agonists
S4 Hormonal and metabolic modulators: aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators, agents that modify the function of myostatin, insulins, PPAR-delta receptor agonists
S5 Diuretics and masking agents
S6 Stimulants: amphetamines, cocaine, ephedrine. Substances included in the monitoring program
S7 Narcotics: morphine, heroin, methadone
S8 Cannabinoids
S9 Glucocorticosteroids
Prohibited methods:
M1 enhancement of oxygen transfer
M2 chemical and physical manipulation
M3 gene doping
Prohibited substances in some sports:
P1 Alcohol
P2 Beta blockers
Doping and addiction
Doping and sudden/unexpected death syndrome
Readings/Bibliography
Di Giulio, Fiorilli, Stefanelli. BIOCHIMICA PER LE SCIENZE MOTORIE. Casa editrice Ambrosiana, 2011
Maughan, Gleeson, Greenhaff, Biochemistry of exercise and training. Oxford University Press, 2000.
Ferrara S.D. – Doping Antidoping – Piccin, Padova 2004
Mottran D.R. – Farmaci e sport – Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano 2003.
Teaching methods
Lectures, seminars on selected topics.
The course is divided in 2 modules:
Biochemistry in sport (24 h) by Prof Claudio Stefanelli
Pharmacology in sport (18 h) by Dr Eleonora Turrini
Assessment methods
The final test consists of an oral interview for both modules.The student will get a mark, for each module, on the basis of his capacity to answer questions. The two partial marks contribute to the final mark.
Teaching tools
The teaching material presented at the lectures is available as electronic format on internet. The material should be printed and brought to class. To get teaching material: http://campus.unibo.it/. Username e password are restricted for students enrolled at University of Bologna.
Office hours
See the website of Claudio Stefanelli
See the website of Eleonora Turrini