23854 - Topographical Veterinary Anatomy II

Academic Year 2024/2025

  • Moduli: Annamaria Grandis (Modulo 1) Annamaria Grandis (Modulo 2)
  • Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures (Modulo 1) Traditional lectures (Modulo 2)
  • Campus: Bologna
  • Corso: Single cycle degree programme (LMCU) in Veterinary Medicine (cod. 5984)

Learning outcomes

The "Topographic Veterinary Anatomy II" teaching aims to provide the theoretical and practical knowledge to recognize: the limits, relationships and stratigraphy of the regions of the head, neck, trunk and tail of the animal; the topography of the organs contained in the splanchnic cavities and the relationships between the different structures, the course of the vessels and nerves located in these regions and cavities.

At the end of the course:

· KNOWLEDGE- the student knows the regions of the body, the stratigraphy, and in the splanchnic cavities, the topography and relationships of the organs and viscera contained.

· SKILLS - the student is able to:

· perform a dissection of the regions of head, neck, and trunk in different species of animal;

· identify organs and viscera contained in the three splanchnic cavities;

· identify the relationships between the structures contained in the cavities, with special relevance for those of clinical interest;

· follow the course of the major vessels and nerves in the regions of the head, neck, trunk and tail;

· comprehend anatomical content in the medical literature;

· use appropriately the anatomical terminology officially adopted;

· recognize whether a given anatomical structure is topographically in the right site or not;

use additional resources available in the Department.

Course contents

· Back and costal regions: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves.

· Sternal and diaphragmatic regions: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves.

· pleuro-pulmonary and mediastinal regions: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves.

· Structures contained in the dorsal mediastinum: symphatetic trunk, azygos veins, ductus thoracicus, aorta thoracica, truncus brachiocephalicus and its divisions, thoracic tract of the windpipe, thoracic tract of the oesophagus, vagus nerves, lymph nodes.

· Structures contained in the ventral mediastinum: heart, vena cava cranialis e vena cava caudalis, pulmonary trunk, phrenical nerves, thymus.

· [acquisition of: a) the ability to recognize the limits and relations of the regions of the thorax b) the ability to define the stratigraphy of the regions of the thorax c) ability to identify the relationships between the structures contained in the thorax d) knowledge of the course of vessels and nerves of the thorax]

· Lumbar and sublumbar regions: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves.

· Ventrolateral abdominal and inguinal regions: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves. Topography of the structures contained in the male and female canalis inguinalis.

· Topography of liver, spleen, stomach, pancreas, and intestine of dog and cat; their vessels and nerves.

· Topography of liver, spleen, stomach, pancreas, and intestine of horse; their vessels and nerves.

· Topography of liver, spleen, forestomach, abomasum, pancreas, and intestine of bovine; their vessels and nerves.

· Topography of the extraperitoneal organs (kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, abdominal aorta, vena cava caudalis).

· Topography of uterus and ovaries; their vessels and nerves.

· Sacral and pelvic regions: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves. Tail region.

· Female perineal region: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves.

· Male perineal region: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves.

· Topography of rectum, bladder, vagina, urethra, and accessory genital (vesicular gland, prostate, and bulbo-urethral glands).

· Mammary region in carnivore, ruminants, and horse: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves.

· Pubic region in carnivore, ruminants, and horse: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves.

· Scrotal region in carnivore, ruminants, and horse: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves.

· Topography of the testicle.

· Brachiocephalic, jugular, and parotid regions: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves.

· Dorsal and ventral neck regions: limits, relationships, stratigraphy, vessels and nerves.

· Superficial regions of the head: limits, relationships, and stratigraphy.

· Deep regions of the head: limits, relationships, and stratigraphy.

· Vessels of the head.

· Nerves of the head.

Practical lessons

· Recognition and dissection of the superficial and deep regions of the thorax.

· Detection and deduction of the topographical relationships of the structures contained in the thoracic cavity.

· Recognition and dissection of the superficial regions of the abdomen.

· Detection and deduction of the topographical relationships of the structures contained in the abdominal cavity.

· Recognition and dissection of the superficial regions of the pelvis.

· Detection and deduction of the topographical relationships of the structures contained in the pelvic cavity and related to the perineum.

· Recognition and dissection of the regions of the neck.

· Recognition and dissection of the regions of the head.

· Detection and deduction of the topographical relationships of the structures contained in the head.

The Syllabus of the course unit and the list of EAEVE Day One Competences that the course unit contributes to achieving can be viewed on the dedicated page.

Readings/Bibliography

It consists of recommended books, and material available to students in the appropriate website (see: http://campus.cib.unibo.it or: http://www.unibo.it/teachers / annamaria.grandis [http://www.unibo.it/teachers%20/%20annamaria.grandis] ).

The suggested textbook is:

GRANDIS A., COZZI B., BOMBARDI C., GRAIC J.M., ACOCELLA F. Anatomia veterinaria regionale e applicata. Antonio Delfino Editore, Roma (2022).

Other texbooks of consultation are:

ASHDOWN R.R., DONE S., Atlante di Anatomia Veterinaria, Piccin, Padova, vol. I: Il Cavallo (1984), vol. II: I Ruminanti (1988).

BARONE R. Anatomia Comparata dei Mammiferi domestici, Edagricole, Bologna: voll. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII.

DONE S.H., GOODY P.C., EVANS S.A., STICKLAND N.C., Atlante di Anatomia Veterinaria, Piccin, Padova, vol.III: Il Cane e il Gatto (2000).

POPESKO P., Atlante di Anatomia Topografica degli animali domestici, voll. I, II, III, Grasso Editore, Bologna (1980).

Teaching methods

The teaching is composed of academic lessons (24 hours) and practical lessons (8 x 5 hours)

a. Academic (Frontal) lessons

Power-point presentations of original pictures or taken from atlas of topographical veterinary anatomy will be used to explain the regions of head, neck, trunk and tail, according to the following sequence:

• LIMITS

• RELATIONS

• STRATIGRAPHY

• VASCULATURE

• INNERVATION

Similarly, the organs and viscera of the splanchnic cavities will be treated according to the following sequence:

• TOPOGRAPHY

• RELATIONS

• VASCULATURE

• INNERVATION

b. Practical lessons (tutorial supervised or “hands on”)

The practical lessons are carried out in the dissecting room dividing the students into four groups of about 25 students; each group is further subdivided into subgroups of 3-4 students.

The aims of the practical lessons are:

• to provide the student familiar with the manual cutting of the animal body, following the stratigraphy - acquisition of vocational skills;

• to develop the ability to recognize the different anatomical structures and identify relationships with neighboring structures. - acquisition of processing skills, and synthesis;

• to develop the ability to perform dissections on cadavers or part of them in a coordinated manner with a colleague - communication skills and team work;

During the practical lessons the teacher, in part, will guide the student in performing a dissection carried out with a specific method and, in part, encourage him to practice freely.

Assessment methods

The examination is designed to assess the understanding of the main objectives of study: (1) the limits, relationships and stratigraphy of the regions of the head, neck, trunk and tail of the animal, (2) the topography of the organs contained in the splanchnic cavities and the relations between the different structures, (3) the course of the vessels and nerves located in these regions and cavities.

The evaluation of the students consists of an oral exam. The purpose of the oral test is to verify the student's ability to apply his or her notional background and make the necessary logical-deductive connections.

During the exam, some pictures taken from a variety of topographic veterinary anatomy atlas, usually used during the course, will be showed.

Three different topics will be discuss. Within each of them, the level of knowledge acquired and the recognition capabilities on anatomy atlas of the structures discussed will be evaluated. It will also be considered the use of an appropriate anatomical terminology.

The exam is passed if the candidate answers sufficiently to at least two of the three topics. The minimum passing score is 18 points; 30 cum laude is awarded to the candidate who answered particularly well to all three topics.

Teaching tools

PC;

Anatomical room;

Portale didattico veterinario.

Office hours

See the website of Annamaria Grandis