85314 - Anatomy of Aquatic Animals

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, the student knows the organization, both at the macroscopic and microscopic, of the apparatuses that make up the body of animals. In particular, the student is able to describe the anatomical basis of the apparatus of fishing interest (fish, crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms). It has the basics to follow critically the teachings of physiology and comparative morpho-functional evaluation of animals.

Course contents

These Courses are part of the Integrated Course in "BIOLOGIA E ANATOMIA DEGLI ANIMALI ACQUATICI".

The course is aimed to give knowledge about the structural organization of the organs and the apparatus that form the organism of the main aquatic species. Both macroscopic and microscopic features will be examined.

Module I

ANATOMY OF BONE AND CARTILAGINOUS FISH. Locomotor system: axial and appendicular skeleton, myomeres and myosets. Digestive system: mouth, teeth, esophagus, stomach, pyloric caeca, cranial, middle and caudal intestine, liver and exocrine pancreas. Respiratory system: gills, gill slits, gill arches. Swim bladder. Integumentary system: epidermis and dermis, placoid and non-placoid scales, chromatophores. Excretory system: kidneys and relative excretion routes, nephron, nitrogen catabolite excretion. Cardio-circulatory system: heart, arterial and venous system, capillaries, coronary circulation, secondary vascular system. Reproductive system: female genital, oogenesis, oocyte development and maturation, male genital, spermatogenesis, Sertoli cells. Endocrine system: pituitary, epiphysis, thyroid, adrenal, ultimobranchial bodies, Stannius corpuscles, endocrine pancreas and urophysis gland. Central and peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system. Blood and hematopoietic organs: blood cells, hematopoietic organs. Lymphoid organs: spleen and thymus. Sense organs: eye (hints), ear and Weber apparatus, olfactory organs, Lorenzini ampoules, lateral line and neuromasts.

BIVALVE MOLLUSCS: shell, mantle and intravalve fluid, adductor muscles, foot, byssus, ctenids, digestive system, excretory system, circulatory system, reproductive system.

CEPHALOPODS MOLLUSCS: mantle, head, arms and tentacles, visceral mass and shell. Mantle musculature. Digestive system: mouth, radula and black bursa. Circulatory system. Respiratory system. Excretory system. Nervous system. Reproductive system: ovary, ectocotyl and spermatophore. Chromatophores and photophores.

CRUSTACEANS. DECAPODS AND STOMATOPODS. External morphology. Integument (exoskeleton). Extensor and flexor muscles. Digestive system. Respiratory system. Circulatory system. Excretory system: green gland. Reproductive system. Nervous system and statocyst. CRABS: hints of external morphology.

ECHINODERMS: SEA URCHIN (Paracentrotus lividus). General external and internal morphology. Digestive system: Aristotle's lantern. Aquifer system.

Module II

Histological sample processing: sampling, fixation (chemical and physical fixatives), dehydration and inclusion, microtome cutting, histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical staining techniques.

CYTOLOGY. Structural organization of the cell.

HISTOLOGY. Covering epithelium and glandular epithelium. Connective tissues. Adipose tissue. Cartilage. Bone. Muscular tissue: striated muscle (skeletal and cardiac), smooth muscle, mechanism of contraction. Blood: erythrocytes, leukocytes, blood platelets. Nervous tissue.

Readings/Bibliography

Teaching material consists of the suggested textbooks (see below) and of the didactic material put on the specific course website (http://campus.cib.unibo.it [http://campus.cib.unibo.it/] ) or website of the teacher responsible for the course: http://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/m.mazzoni/didattica or http://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/paolo.clavenzani/didattica ). In addition, the didactic material is available at the Secretariat of the structure.

The suggested textbooks are:

- H.D. DELLMANN, J.A. EURELL, Istologia e Anatomia Microscopica Veterinaria, 2^a edizione, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Milano, 2000.

- T. ZAVANELLA, R. CARDANI, Manuale di Anatomia dei Vertebrati, Antonio Delfino Editore, Roma, 2008.

- G.K. OSTRANDER, The laboratory fish, Academic Press, 2000.

- F. GENTEN, E. TERWINGHE, A. DANGUY, Atlas of Fish Histology, Science Publishers, 2009.

- RUPPERT E.E., BARNES R.D., FOX R.S. Zoologia degli invertebrati. Editore: Piccin-Nuova Libraria 2006. ISBN:978-88-299-1808-9.

A.L. MESCHER, Junqueira Istologia, Testo e Atlante, Piccin, 2017.

Teaching methods

Teaching consists of 6 CFUs (Module I 4 CFU, module II 2 CFU) for a total of 60 hours. Of these, 48 hours are dedicated to frontal lessons and 12 hours to practical exercises. Practical exercises are carried out in part using optical microscopes and their respective histological preparations, and in part by dissecting fresh material. Students with disabilities or DSA are invited to contact the teacher in order to better organize teaching and exams

Assessment methods

The assessment of learning takesplace through an oral test. The test aims to verify the acquisition of the knowledge required by the course program. Each student is asked at least two questions for each module. The evaluation is expressed with a mark out of thirty for the exams. The test is considered positive with a score of at least 18/30. In the case of maximum marks (30/30), honors can be attributed. Students have the right to refuse the registration of the positive grade proposed once (University teaching regulations ART. 16, paragraph 5). The final grade is the arithmetic average of the marks obtained in the two didactic modules and is expressed out of thirtiethes.

The student has the right to refuse the positive grade proposed once (University teaching regulations ART. 16, paragraph 5).

Particular attention will be given to the evaluation of students certified in accordance with Law 104/90 and Law 170/2010, or students who are recognized as having a special educational need. These students should contact the teacher by email, (cc the personnel form central offices for students with disability or with University SLD (https://site.unibo.it/studenti-con-disabilita-e-dsa/it ). The person in charge of this service in our Department is Dr. Fabiana Trombetti.

The recording teacher is Prof. Paolo Clavenzani.

Teaching tools

PowerPoint presentation projected on the appropriate screen. After teoric lesson, students have available presentations in Power Point.

Microscope and respective histological preparations.

Fresh material from special company distributor of seafood products.

Links to further information

http://www.acquacoltura.unibo.it

Office hours

See the website of Paolo Clavenzani

See the website of Maurizio Mazzoni