02359 - General Pathology and Physiopathology (B)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course the student

- is acquainted with concepts of etiology and pathogenesis;

- knows the basic defense mechanisms;

- is able to describe the cell and tissue morphological alterations and their systemic and functional readouts;

- is capable of connecting molecular, morphological, microbiological, immunological and physiological knowledge;

- has acquired the adequate knowledge about pathology and physiopathology;

- understands the signs and symptoms of disease and possesses the basis for the evidence based clinical practice.

Course contents

Environmental Pathology: UV light, high and low temperatures, cigarette smoke and ethanol;

Cell damage adaptation: necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, anoikis, autophagy, entosis, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia, senescence;

Morphologic alteraztions in neoplasia: displasia, anaplasia;

Cell degeneration: cell swelling, steatosis, metaplasia;

Extracellular degeneration: amyloidosis, calcifications, fibrosis;

Stress response and innate immunity: UV radiation and viruses;

Inflammation: DAMPS and PAMPS, intracellular activators of immune and inflammatory response, systemic inflammation, fever, sepsis, Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg polarization, pain mediators;

Acute and chronic Inflammation and repair: Pro/antinflammatory lipidic, mediators, formation of exudate, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, chronic granulomatosis and allergic inflammation. M1/M2 macrophage polarization. Tissue repair, wound healing, sclerosis, cirrhosis;

Biological basis of aging: cell senescence, DNA damage, mTor pathway, insulin growth factor, stress and immunity response, microbiota, inflammaging;

General Physiopathology: Atherosclerosis, Haemostasis, Thrombosis, Embolia; Anaemias (iron, folic acid and of B12 deficiency)

Oedema, Shock; Hypertension, infarct, hypoxia, cyanosis

Diabetes mellitus, obesity metabolic syndrome and inflammation

General histopathology. Benign and malignant epithelial cancers. Mesenchymal tumors. Metastasis. Intracellular and extracellular accumulations. Necrosis and infarction. Types of acute inflammation: serous, fibrinous, purulent, necrotic, hemorragic. Chronic inflammations: non-specific and granulomatous. Granulation tissue: sclerosis, cirrhosis. Arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. Thrombosis.

Readings/Bibliography

Pontieri, Rossi, Frati: Patologia Generale, 5° edizione,

Teaching methods

Lectures supported by slides

Assessment methods

Oral examination regarding histologic specimens and theory

Teaching tools

Slides shown during the lesson

Office hours

See the website of Paolo Garagnani