- Docente: Angela Rampa
- Credits: 6
- SSD: CHIM/08
- Language: Italian
- Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures
- Campus: Bologna
- Corso: First cycle degree programme (L) in Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences (cod. 8518)
Learning outcomes
At the end of the course, the students acquire the theoretical preparation for the development of strategies for extracting pure phytochemicals. The student is able to assess the quality of herbal products.
Course contents
Drying of solids and apparatus. Drying of liquids or of
solutions of organic compounds in organic solvents: drying agents.
Solvents. Distillation. Steam distillation. Fractional distillation
at atmospheric and diminished pressure. Molecular distillation.
Sublimation. Purification of common organic solvents. Silica gel
column chromatography: flash chromatography. Purification by
crystallization of natural products with low molecular weight.
Fractional crystallization. Laboratory experiments:
-purification of terpenes: camphor and borneol from aerial
parts of Cinnamomum camphora; - extraction and purification of
salicylic acid from bark of Salix alba;- extraction of
chlorophyll from the leaves of Spinacea oleracea; - extraction of
alkaloids from Piper nigrum (fructis); - Checking for possible
adulteration in two dried herbal drugs and in a herbal
product: Calendula officinalis, Arnica montana,
standard di Boiron; - purification of ginsenoside from
Panax ginseng using the methods of FU; - purification by steam
distillation of eugenol contained in Eugenia caryophyllata and of cinnamaldehyde in
Cinnamomum zeylanicum, - extraction
of anthraquinones in Rhamnus purshianae.
.
Readings/Bibliography
1) VOGEL. CHIMICA ORGANICA PRATICA. CASA EDITRICE AMBROSIANA, SECONDA EDIZIONE, MILANO 1988 2) R. M. ROBERTS, J.C. GILBERT, S. F. MARTIN. CHIMICA ORGANICA SPERIMENTALE. ZANICHELLI, BOLOGNA 2003 3) A.J. HANDELY. EXTRACTION METHODS IN ORGANIC ANALYSIS. SHEFFIELD ACADEMIC PRESS, CANADA 1999 4) D.L. PAVIA, G. M. LAMPMAN, G.S. KRIZ. IL LABORATORIO DI CHIMICA ORGANICA, EDIZIONI SORBONA , MILANO 1994 5) P.M. DEWICK. CHIMICA, BIOSINTESI E BIOATTIVITA' DELLE SOSTANZE NATURALI. PICCIN, PADOVA 2000 6) MARCO D'ISCHIA LA CHIMICA ORGANICA IN LABORATORIO PICCIN PADOVA 2002 LUCIDI, CD, APPUNTI DI LEZIONI, COPIE DI ARTICOLI INERENTI GLI ARGOMENTI DI LEZIONE 7) PAUL H. LIST, PETER C. SCMIDT I FARMACI DI ORIGINE VEGETALE TECNOLOGIE DI ESTRAZIONE DELLE PIANTE MEDICINALI, HOEPLI 1993 8) NATURAL PRODUCT ISOLATION: An Overview Book Series Methods in Biotechnology ISSN 1940-6061 (Print) 1940-607X (Online) Volume Volume 20 Edition Second Edition
Teaching methods
The course
will be supported by laboratory exercises. The laboratory exercises
will be individual and will aim to provide each student the
opportunity to apply the various methods of preparing extracts of
herbal drugs outlined
in theoretical form in class.
Assessment methods
The examination consists in an oral interview aimed at proving the acquisition of the information presented in the objectives of the course. The student should comment one/two practical laboratory experiences among those specifically listed in the program, and two more general questions about related topics will follow.
Teaching tools
VIDEOPROJECTORS, PC, TRASPARENCIES, LABORATORY OF CHEMISTRY
Office hours
See the website of Angela Rampa