34773 - Maritime Hydraulics M

Learning outcomes

To provide the physical and technological background to evaluate the technical feasibility and effectivness of interventions for coastal defence and the tools for the design of these interventions with example applications to real cases.

Course contents

Hydro-morpho-dyanmic processes in the coastal environment

Sea level

Tide, storm surge, subsidence and climate changes.  Statistical methods for water level predictions,  Measurement techniques.

Waves

Wave generation by wind action. Generalities on wind genesis, Beaufort scale, measurement techniques, geostrophic and real wind.

Linear theory.  Dispersion relationship in shallow water and deep water.  Wave grouping.

Wave transformation from off-shore to in-shore.  Wave refraction, diffraction, reflection, breaking, shoaling.

Wave energy spectra, statistics of wave heights and periods, wave energy.  Empirical formulae for the prediction of the wave spectrum, SMB methodology for fetch/duration limited waves.

Currents

Current generation:  equation of mass conservation and momentum balance for oblique waves. Radiation stress, wave set-up, long-shore currents, rip currents.

Sediment transport

Closure depth and active beach profile. Quantification of the long-short transport.  Beach equilibrium profile. Monitoring tecnologies.

Rock permeable structures for coastal defence: design and hydro-morphological effects

Generalities

Systems for coastal protection, selection of the structure lifetime and design sollicitations.

Breakwaters

Wave-structure interaction for barriers parallel to the coast.  Wave run-up, overtopping, transmission and reflection.  Identification of the design parameters significant for wave attenuation and littoral protection.

Morphological effects induced by barriers on the shoreline (salient, tombolos) and on the sea bottom (scour at the structure toe, far field erosion induced by currents).

Functionality of groynes: interaction with waves, currents and sediment transport.

Design

Design of breakwaters: hydraulic stability.  Size of armour and toe protection.  Criteria for sizing filters and geotechnical stability.  Use of geotextile.

Generalities about construction phase.

Wave energy converters: combined energy production and coastal protection

Generalities about technologies for wave energy  conversion, types of wave energy converters, effects on waves and sediment transport, applications in the Italian seas.

Nourishments

Nourishment material and volume, sediment dispersion, lifetime, auxiliary protection structures, environmental screening and quarries.

Integrated eco-compatible planning of coastal protection

Socio-economic aspects in planning interventions and constructing defence structures.  Ecological effects induced by hard defence and criteria for optimising breakwater design to minimize the environmental impact.

Readings/Bibliography

 Zanuttigh, B., 2006. Idraulica Marittima. edito da ALMA-DL Alma Mater Università di Bologna e depositato presso la BNCF. (http://campus.cib.unibo.it/45104/)

Coastal Engineering Manual http://users.coastal.ufl.edu/~mcdougal/CEM/CoastalEngineeringManual.htm

Burcharth, H. F., Hawkins, S. J., Zanuttigh, B. Lamberti, A. 2007. Environmental design guidelines of low crested coastal structures. Elsevier.

J.W. Kamphuis, Introduction to Coastal Engineering and Management, Adv. Series on Ocean Engineering – vol. 16, World Scientific 

R.G. Dean & R.A. Dalrymple, Water wave mechanics for engineers and scientists, Adv. Series on Ocean Engineering – vol. 2, World Scientific 

R.G. Dean & R.A. Dalrymple, Coastal Processes (with Engineering Applications), Cambridge University Press 

U. Tommasicchio, Manuale di Ingegneria portuale e costiera, Bios

Teaching methods

Lessons and excercises in the laboratory

- reconstruction of the astronomical tide based on real data

- statistics of extreme tides or waves

- dispersion relationship for evaluating wave transformation from off-shore to in-shore

- reconstruction of the typical annual wave climate

- evaluation of the average yearly sediment transport based on the typical wave climate

- desing of rock permeable structures for coastal defence

Assessment methods

Oral examination

Teaching tools

http://amscampus.cib.unibo.it/archive/00002138/

Office hours

See the website of Barbara Zanuttigh